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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1700 | - 1700—1799:
SA - VOC slave trading in Mozambique; Zanzibar and Madagascar
|
| 2 | 1770 | - 1770—1799:
SA - Intensive Khoisan resistance to Trekboer occupation
|
| 3 | 1783 | - 1783—1783:
Duty payable on Parish Register entries (3d per entry - repealed 1794) - led to a fall in
entries!
- 1783—1792:
SA - Le Vaillant and Van Reenen travel in Namaqualand and north of Orange River
- 3 Sep 1783—3 Sep 1783:
Treaty of Versailles (Britain/US)
- 3 Nov 1783—3 Nov 1783:
Last public execution at Tyburn in London (John Austin, a highwayman)
|
| 4 | 1784 | - 1784—1784:
Pitt's India Act - the Crown (as opposed to officers of the East India Company) has
power to guide Indian politics
- 1784—1784:
Wesley breaks with the Church of England
- 1784—1784:
First golf club founded at St Andrews
- 1784—1784:
Invention of threshing machine by Andrew Meikle
- 2 Aug 1784—2 Aug 1784:
First mail coaches in England (4pm Bristol / 8am London)
|
| 5 | 1785 | - 1785—1785:
Sunday School Society founded to educate poor children (by 1851, enrols more than 2
million)
- 1 Jan 1785—1 Jan 1785:
John Walter publishes first edition of The Times (called The Daily Universal
Register for 3 years)
|
| 6 | 1786 | - 1786—1786:
SA - Graaff-Reinet founded
|
| 7 | 1787 | - 1787—1787:
MCC (Marylebone Cricket Club) established at Thomas Lord's ground in London
|
| 8 | 1788 | - 1788—1788:
First steamboat demonstrated in Scotland
- 1788—1788:
Law passed requiring that chimney sweepers be a minimum of 8 years old (not
enforced)
- 1788—1788:
First slave carrying act, the Dolben Act of 1788, regulates the slave trade - stipulates
more humane conditions on slave ships
- 1788—1788:
King George III's mental illness occasions the Regency Crisis - Edmund Burke and
Charles James Fox attack ministry of William Pitt - trying to obtain full regal powers for the
Prince of Wales
- 1788—1788:
Gibbon completes Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'
- 26 Jan 1788—26 Jan 1788:
First convicts (and free settlers) arrive in New South Wales (left Portsmouth 13
May 1787) ? the 'First Fleet'; eleven ships commanded by Captain Arthur Phillip
|
| 9 | 1789 | - 1789—1789:
SA - Merino (wool-producing) sheep brought from Holland
- 1789—1793:
SA - Second Frontier War between Xhosa and whites.
- 28 Apr 1789—28 Apr 1789:
Mutiny on HMS Bounty - Captain William Bligh and 18 sailors are set adrift
and the rebel crew ends up on Pitcairn Island
|
| 10 | 1790 | - 1790—1790:
Forth and Clyde Canal opened in Scotland
- 1790—1799:
SA - In documented raids on "Bosjesmen" 2000 - 3000 Khoisan are killed
|
| 11 | 1791 | - 1791—1791:
John Bell, printer, abandons the long s' (the 's' that looks like an 'f')
- 1791—1791:
Establishment of the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain
- 4 Dec 1791—4 Dec 1791:
First publication of The Observer - world's oldest Sunday newspaper
|
| 12 | 1792 | - 1792—1792:
Repression in Britain (restrictions on freedom of the press) - Fox gets Libel Act through
Parliament, requiring a jury and not a judge to determine libel
- 1792—1792:
Boyle's Street Directory published
- 1792—1792:
Coal-gas lighting invented by William Murdock, an Ayrshire Scot
- 1792—1792:
SA - Dutch Reformed Church congregation founded in Graaff-Reinet.
- 1792—1792:
SA - Morovian Mission founded at Genadendal.
- 1 Oct 1792—1 Oct 1792:
Introduction of Money Orders in Britain
- 1 Dec 1792—1 Dec 1792:
King's Proclamation drawing out the British militia
|
| 13 | 1793 | - 11 Feb 1793—11 Feb 1793:
Britain declares war on France (1793-1802)
- 15 Apr 1793—15 Apr 1793:
?5 notes first issued by the Bank of England
|
| 14 | 1794 | - 1794—1794:
Abolition of Parish Register duties
- 6 Oct 1794—6 Oct 1794:
The prosecutor for Britain, Lord Justice Eyre, charges reformers with High
Treason - he argued that, since reform of parliament would lead to revolution and revolution
to executing the King, the desire for reform endangered the King's life and was therefore
treasonous
|
| 15 | 1795 | - 1795—1795:
The Famine Year
- 1795—1795:
Foundation of the Orange Order
- 1795—1795:
Speenhamland Act proclaims that the Parish is responsible for bringing up the labourer's
wage to subsistence level - towards the end of the eighteenth century, the number of poor and
unemployed increased dramatically - price increases during the Napoleonic Wars
(1793-1815) far outstripped wage rises - many small farmers were bankrupted by the move
towards enclosures and became landless labourers - their wages were often pitifully low
- 1795—1795:
Pitt and Grenville introduce The Gagging Acts' or 'Two Bills' (the Seditious Meetings and Treasonable Practices Bills) - outlawed the mass meeting and the political lecture.
- 1795—1795:
Consumption of lime juice made compulsory in Royal Navy
- 1795—1795:
SA - Xhosa at Prieska
- 1795—1802:
SA - British occupy Cape on behalf of William of Orange. Slaves outnumber European settlers at this time
- 1795—1795:
SA - Revolt in Swellendam and Graaff-Reinet.
|
| 16 | 1796 | - 1796—1796:
Pitt's Reign of Terror': More treason trials - leading radicals emigrate
- 1796—1796:
Legacy Tax on sums over ?20 excluding those to wives, children, parents and
grandparents
- 1796—1796:
SA - Pieter Pienaar murdered by Jager Afrikaner at Hantam. Afrikaner becomes frontier leader
- 14 May 1796—14 May 1796:
Dr Edward Jenner gave first vaccination for smallpox in England
|
| 17 | 1797 | - 1797—1797:
England in Crisis, Bank of England suspends cash payments
- 1797—1797:
Mutinies in the British Navy at Spithead and Nore
- 1797—1797:
Tax on newspapers (including cheap, topical journals) increased to repress radical
publications
- 1797—1797:
The first copper pennies were produced ('cartwheels') by application of steam power to
the coining press
- 22 Feb 1797—22 Feb 1797:
French invade Fishguard, Wales; last time UK invaded; all captured 2 days later
- 26 Feb 1797—26 Feb 1797:
First ?1 (and ?2) notes issued by Bank of England
|
| 18 | 1798 | - 1798—1798:
First planned human experiment with vaccination, to test theories of Edward Jenner
- 1798—1798:
SA - First Post Office. Liquidation of Dutch East India Company. First mosque in southern Africa established in Dorp Street by Tuan Guru. Dutch Reformed Church congregation founded at Swellendam.
- Feb 1798—Feb 1798:
The Irish Rebellion; 100,000 peasants revolt; approximately 25,000 die - Irish
Parliament abolished (Feb-Oct)
- 1 Aug 1798—1 Aug 1798:
Battle of the Nile (won by Nelson)
|
| 19 | 1799 | - 1799—1799:
Foundation of Royal Military College Sandhurst by the Duke of York
- 1799—1799:
Foundation of the Royal Institution of Great Britain
- 1799—1802:
SA - Eastern Cape Khoekhoe revolt
- 1799—1799:
SA - First London Missionary Society (LMS) station - to |Xam - on Zak River.
- 1799—1799:
SA - Fort Frederick built in Algoa Bay by British soldiers. Third Frontier War between the Xhosa and whites. Beginning of London Missionary Society work in South Africa.
- 9 Jan 1799—9 Jan 1799:
Pitt brings in 10% income tax, as a wartime financial measure
- 12 Jul 1799—12 Jul 1799:
'Combination Laws' in Britain against political associations and combinations
- 15 Jul 1799—15 Jul 1799:
?Rosetta Stone' discovered in Egypt made possible the deciphering (in 1822) of Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics
|
| 20 | 1800 | - 1800—1800:
Electric light first produced by Sir Humphrey Davy
- 1800—1800:
Use of high pressure steam pioneered by Richard Trevithick (1771-1833)
- 1800—1800:
Royal College of Surgeons founded
- 1800—1800:
Herschel discovers infra-red light
- 1800—1800:
Volta makes first electrical battery
- 1800—1800:
SA - First printing press in Cape Town. Government Gazette started.
- 2 Jul 1800—2 Jul 1800:
Parliamentary union of Great Britain and Ireland
|
| 21 | 1801 | - 1801—1801:
Grand Union Canal opens in England
- 1801—1801:
Elgin Marbles brought from Athens to London
- 1801—1801:
SA - Official expedition of Truter; Somerville; Barrow and Daniell; with missionaries Jan Matthys Kok and William Edwards; reaches Dithakong
- 1801—1801:
SA - William Anderson established mission at Aakaap and then Klaarwater (later Griquatown). Khoisan spelling book printed by LMS
- 1 Jan 1801—1 Jan 1801:
Union Jack becomes the official British flag
- 10 Mar 1801—10 Mar 1801:
First census puts the population of England and Wales at 9,168,000. Population of Britain nearly 11 million (75% rural)
- 24 Dec 1801—24 Dec 1801:
Richard Trevithick built the first self-propelled passenger carrying road loco
|
| 22 | 1802 | - Feb 1802—Jan 1806:
SA - Batavian Republic rules the Cape.
- 25 Mar 1802—25 Mar 1802:
Treaty of Amiens signed by Britain, France, Spain, and the Netherlands ? the 'Peace of Amiens' as it was known brought a temporary peace of 14 months during the Napoleonic Wars ? one of its most important cultural effects was that travel and correspondence across the English Channel became possible again
|
| 23 | 1803 | - 1803—1803:
Poaching made a Capital offense in England if capture resisted
- 1803—1803:
Richard Trevithick built another steam carriage and ran it in London as the first
self-propelled vehicle in the capital and the first London bus
- 1803—1803:
Semaphore signaling perfected by Admiral Popham
- 30 Apr 1803—30 Apr 1803:
Louisiana Purchase: Napoleon sells French possessions in America to United States
- 12 May 1803—12 May 1803:
Peace of Amiens ends ? resumption of war with France ? The Napoleonic Wars (1803-18l5)
- 23 Jul 1803—23 Jul 1803:
First public railway opens (Surrey Iron Railway, 9 miles from Wandsworth to
Croydon, horse-drawn)
|
| 24 | 1804 | - 1804—1804:
Matthew Flinders recommends that the newly discovered country, New Holland, be renamed 'Australia'
- 1804—1806:
SA - Heinrich Lichtenstein travels to Dithakong
- 1804—1804:
SA - Uitenhage founded.
- 21 Feb 1804—21 Feb 1804:
Richard Trevithick runs his railway engine on the Penydarren Railway (9.5 miles
from Pen-y-Darren to Abercynon in South Wales) this hauled a train with 10 tons of
iron and 70 passengers. It was commemorated by the Royal Mint in 2004 in the form of
A ?2 coin.
- 3 Mar 1804—3 Mar 1804:
John Wedgwood (eldest son of the potter Josiah Wedgwood) founds The Royal
Horticultural Society
- 2 Dec 1804—2 Dec 1804:
Napoleon declares himself Emperor of the French
- 12 Dec 1804—12 Dec 1804:
Spain declares war on Britain
|
| 25 | 1805 | - 1805—1805:
London docks opened
- 21 Oct 1805—21 Oct 1805:
Admiral Nelson's victory at Trafalgar
- 2 Dec 1805—2 Dec 1805:
Battle of Austerlitz; Napoleon defeats Austrians and Russians
|
| 26 | 1806 | - 1806—1806:
Dartmoor Prison opened (built by French prisoners)
- 1806—1806:
SA - LMS station at Warmbad; Great Namaqualand
- 1806—1806:
SA - First regular inland postal service.
- 1806—1806:
SA - Second British occupation of the Cape
- 9 Jan 1806—9 Jan 1806:
Nelson buried in St Paul's cathedral, London
|
| 27 | 1807 | - 1807—1807:
SA - British ban slave trade, importation of slaves to the Cape ends
- 25 Mar 1807—25 Mar 1807:
Parliament passes Act prohibiting slavery and the importation of slaves from 1808 ? but does not prohibit colonial slavery
|
| 28 | 1808 | - 1808—1808:
SA - Clanwilliam founded.
- 1808—1808:
Gas lighting in London streets
- 13 Jul 1808—13 Jul 1808:
'Hot Wednesday' ? temperature of 101?F in the shade recorded in London
- 20 Dec 1808—20 Dec 1808:
Beethoven premieres his Fifth Symphony, Sixth Symphony, Fourth Piano Concerto and Choral Fantasy together in Vienna
|
| 29 | 1809 | - 1809—1809:
SA - Gola's Xhosa community settles at Pramberg.
- 1809—1809:
SA - Severe drought in eastern frontier.
- 12 Feb 1809—12 Feb 1809:
Birth of Charles Darwin
- 18 Sep 1809—18 Sep 1809:
Royal Opera House opens in London
|
| 30 | 1810 | - 1810—1810:
SA - Montshiwa of Rolong born
- 1810—1810:
John McAdam begins road construction in England, giving his name to the process of
road metalling
|
| 31 | 1811 | - 1811—1812:
SA - William John Burchell travels in the interior
- 1811—1811:
SA - Caledon and George founded. Dutch Reformed Church congregation founded in Caledon. Regular circuit courts introduced.
- 1811—1812:
SA - Fourth Frontier War between Xhosa and whites.
- 5 Feb 1811—5 Feb 1811:
Prince of Wales (future George IV) made Regent after George III deemed insane
|
| 32 | 1812 | - 1812—1812:
SA - Molehabangwe of Tlhaping died; succeeded by son Mothibi
- 1812—1812:
SA - Cradock and Grahamstown founded.
- 11 May 1812—11 May 1812:
Prime Minister, Spencer Perceval, assassinated ? shot as he entered the House of Commons by a bankrupt Liverpool broker, John Bellingham, who was subsequently hanged
- 18 Jun 1812—18 Jun 1812:
Start of American 'War of 1812' (to 1814) against England and Canada
- Oct 1812—Oct 1812:
Napoleon retreats from Moscow with catastrophic losses
|
| 33 | 1813 | - 1813—1813:
SA - Revd John Campbell conducts mission inspection in the interior
- 1813—1813:
SA - Adam Kok's people assert the name Griqua
- 1813—1813:
SA - Court proceedings opened to the public.
- 1813—1813:
Ireland: First recorded '12th of July' sectarian riots in Belfast
- 1813—1813:
Jane Austen wrote 'Pride and Prejudice'
|
| 34 | 1814 | - 1814—1814:
SA - The Cape Colony is formally ceded to Britain. Mail packet service started between Britain and the Cape.
- 1 Jan 1814—1 Jan 1814:
Invasion of France by Allies
- 6 Apr 1814—6 Apr 1814:
Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba
- 13 Aug 1814—13 Aug 1814:
Convention of London signed, a treaty between the UK and the Dutch
- 24 Aug 1814—24 Aug 1814:
The British burn the White House
- 29 Nov 1814—29 Nov 1814:
'The Times' first printed by a 'mechanical apparatus' (at 1100 sheets per hour)
- 24 Dec 1814—24 Dec 1814:
Treaty of Ghent signed ending the 1812 war between Britain and the US
|
| 35 | 1815 | - 1815—1815:
SA - Slagter's Nek Rebellion.
- 1815—1815:
Trial by Jury established in Scotland
- 1815—1815:
Davy develops the safety lamp for miners
- 18 Jun 1815—18 Jun 1815:
The Battle of Waterloo: Napoleon defeated and exiled to St. Helena
|
| 36 | 1816 | - 1816—1816:
SA - Missionaries Read and Hamilton; with Hendriks; Kakkerlak and Sedras establish Kuruman Mission (LMS)
- 1816—1816:
SA - Wesleyan Mission to Nama at Leliefontein
- 1816—1816:
Income tax abolished
- 1816—1816:
For the first time British silver coins were produced with an intrinsic value substantially
below their face value ? the first official 'token' coinage
- 1816—1816:
Climate: the 'year without a summer' ? followed a volcanic explosion of the mountain 'Tambora in Indonesia the previous year the biggest volcanic explosion in 10000 years
- 1816—1816:
Large scale emigration to North America
- 1816—1816:
Trans-Atlantic packet service begins
|
| 37 | 1817 | - 1817—1817:
SA - Dutch Reformed Church congregation founded in Uitenhage.
- 1817—1817:
SA - Approximately 200 Scottish artisan immigrants brought to Cape by Benjamin Moodie.
- 1817—1817:
March of the Manchester Blanketeers; Habeas Corpus suspended
- 1817—1817:
Constable painted 'Flatford Mill'
|
| 38 | 1818 | - 1818—1818:
SA - Dutch Reformed Church congregation founded in Cradock. Settlement of land beyond Orange River. Beaufort West founded.
- 1818—1819:
SA - Fifth Frontier War between Xhosa and whites. Grahamstown attacked.
- 1818—1818:
Manchester cotton spinners' strike
- 20 Oct 1818—20 Oct 1818:
'Convention of 1818' signed between the United States and the United Kingdom
which, among other things, settled the US-Canada border on the 49th parallel for most of its
length
|
| 39 | 1819 | - 1819—1819:
SA - Dutch Reformed Church congregations founded in Beaufort West and Somerset West.
- 1819—1819:
Primitive bicycle, the Dandy Horse, becomes popular
- 1819—1819:
Britain returns to gold standard
- 1819—1819:
Singapore founded by Sir Stamford Raffles
- May 1819—May 1819:
SS 'Savannah' first steamship to cross Atlantic reaching Liverpool 20 June 1819 (26
Days reaching Liverpool 20 June 1819 (26
Days mostly under sail)
- 16 Aug 1819—16 Aug 1819:
Peterloo Massacre at Manchester ? a large, orderly group of 60,000 meets at St.
Peter's Fields, Manchester ? demand Parliamentary Reform ? mounted troops charge on the
meeting, killing 11 people and and maiming many others
|
| 40 | 1820 | - 1820—1820:
SA - James Read produces first book in SeTswana
- 1820—1820:
SA - Andries Waterboer elected Griqua Captain at Griquatown
- 1820—1820:
SA - Port Elizabeth named by Sir Rufane Donkin. Worcester founded.
- 1820—1821:
SA - Approximately 4000 British settlers arrive in Port Elizabeth as part of the 1820 Settlers immigration scheme, they are settled in the Eastern Cape.
- 1820—1820:
Cato Street Conspiracy ? plot to assissinate British cabinet
- 1820—1820:
Abolition of the Spanish Inquisition
- 29 Jan 1820—29 Jan 1820:
Accession of George IV, previously Prince Regent
- 1 Aug 1820—1 Aug 1820:
Regent's Canal in London opens
- 17 Aug 1820—17 Aug 1820:
Trial of Queen Caroline to prove her infidelities so George IV can divorce her ?
George tries to secure a Bill of Pains and Penalties against her ? Caroline is virtually acquitted
because bill passed by such a small majority of Lords
|
| 41 | 1821 | - 1821—1821:
SA - Robert Moffat; in Namaqualand from 1817; moves to Kuruman
- 1821—1821:
Faraday publishes 'Principles of electro-magnetic rotation'
- 1821—1821:
Constable paints 'The Hay Wain'
- 5 May 1821—5 May 1821:
Napoleon Bonaparte dies on St Helena
|
| 42 | 1822 | - 1822—1828:
SA - English becomes the official language of the Cape Colony.
- 14 Jun 1822—14 Jun 1822:
Charles Babbage proposes a difference engine in a paper to the Royal Astronomical Society
|
| 43 | 1823 | - 1823—1823:
SA - Difaqane (1820s) Battle of Dithakong - MaNthatisi repulsed by Tlhaping with help from Griquas. Tswana to north and east heavily disrupted by Difaqane raids. 1824 Bergenaar rebellion
- 1823—1823:
SA - Approximately 146 Irish settlers brought to the Cape by John Ingram.
- 1823—1823:
New laws concerning marriage by license ? 'very troublesome' according to some the Act was repealed all in a hurry at the beginning of the next session
- 1823—1823:
Peel begins penal reforms ? death penalty abolished for over 100 crimes
- 1823—1823:
Rugby Football 'invented' at Rugby School
- 1823—1823:
Rubberised waterproof material produced by MacIntosh
- 1 Jul 1823—1823:
SA - Lewis Broadbent born to the wife of the Methodist missionary Samuel Broadbent at Leeudoringstad, 16km from Wolmaranstad, on the 1st July 1823. Lewis later became a missionary to India.
- 2 Dec 1823—2 Dec 1823:
US President James Monroe delivers a speech establishing American neutrality in
future European conflicts (the 'Monroe Doctrine')
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1783 - 1823 (40 years)
