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Ann Poyner

Female 1694 -


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Timeline

1694
1716
1739
1761
1784
1806
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   Date  Event(s)
1 1694 
  • 1694—1694:
    National Debt came into effect in England
  • 1694—1694:
    Stamp Duties introduced into Britain from Holland
  • 1694—1694:
    Mary II death leaves William III as sole ruler
  • 1694—1694:
    Triennial Act, new Parliamentary elections every three years
  • 1694—1694:
    Scotland: Poll Tax imposed on all over sixteen, except the destitute and insane (-1699)
  • 27 Jul 1694—27 Jul 1694:
    Bank of England founded by William Paterson (a Scot)
2 1695 
  • 1695—1695:
    Freedom of Press in England granted
  • 1695—1695:
    Bank of Scotland founded
  • 1695—1695:
    Act of Parliament imposes a fine on all who fail to inform the parish minister of the birth of a child (repealed 1706)
  • 1695—1695:
    Start of Dissenters' lists in parish registers - children born but not christened in the parish church - some were named 'Papist' and others 'Protestants'
3 1697 
  • 2 Dec 1697—2 Dec 1697:
    Official opening of St Paul's Cathedral
4 1698 
  • 1698—1698:
    Invention of steam engine by Capt Thomas Savery
  • 1698—1698:
    Darien Expedition: a disastrous attempt to establish a Scots settlement in Panama
  • 1698—1698:
    Duties (taxes) on entries in parish registers - repealed after five years
  • 1698—1698:
    SA - Settlement of Wagenmaker's Vallei (Wellington).
  • 4 Jan 1698—4 Jan 1698:
    Most of the Palace of Whitehall in London destroyed by fire
  • 14 Nov 1698—14 Nov 1698:
    Eddystone Lighthouse (Henry Winstanley's) first lit; completed 10 days earlier
5 1700 
  • 1700—1700:
    Population in England and Scotland approx 7.5 million
  • 1700—1799:
    SA - VOC slave trading in Mozambique; Zanzibar and Madagascar
  • 1700—1700:
    SA - Settlement in Land van Waveren (Tulbagh).
6 1701 
  • 1701—1701:
    Act of Settlement bars Catholics from the British throne
  • 1701—1701:
    SA - Cattle raids by Khoisan commence against Dutch
  • 23 May 1701—23 May 1701:
    After being convicted of piracy and murdering William Moore, Captain William Kidd hanged in London
7 1702 
  • 8 Mar 1702—8 Mar 1702:
    Anne Stuart becomes Queen
  • 11 Mar 1702—11 Mar 1702:
    First English daily newspaper The Daily Courant (till 1735)
8 1703 
  • 4 Aug 1703—4 Aug 1703:
    British take Gibraltar
  • 24 Nov 1703—24 Nov 1703:
    Climate: Most violent storms of the millennium cause vast damage across southern England - about a third of Britain's merchant fleet lost, and Eddystone lighthouse destroyed on 27 November (Nov 24 - Dec 2)
9 1704 
  • 1704—1704:
    Penal Code enacted - Catholics barred from voting, education and the military
  • 13 Aug 1704—13 Aug 1704:
    Battle of Blenheim
10 1705 
  • 1705—1705:
    First workable steam pumping engine devised by Thomas Newcomen (some say c1710 or 1711)
  • 1705—1705:
    Isaac Newton knighted (for his work at the Royal Mint)
11 1706 
  • 1706—1706:
    First evening newspaper The Evening Post' issued in London
12 1707 
  • 16 Jan 1707—16 Jan 1707:
    Union with Scotland - Scots agree to send 16 peers and 45 MPs to English Parliament in return for full trading privileges - Scottish Parliament meets for the last time in March
  • 1 May 1707—1 May 1707:
    English and Scottish Parliaments united by an Act of the English Parliament - The Kingdom of Great Britain established - largest free-trade area in Europe at the time
13 1708 
  • 1708—1708:
    First Jacobite rising in Scotland
  • 1708—1708:
    Earliest Artillery Muster Rolls
14 1709 
  • 1709—1709:
    Second Eddystone lighthouse completed
  • 1709—1709:
    First Copyright Act pass
  • 1709—1709:
    Bad harvests throughout Europe - bread riots in Britain
  • 2 Feb 1709—2 Feb 1709:
    Alexander Selkirk rescued from shipwreck on a desert island, inspiring the book Robinson Crusoe (published in 1719) by Daniel Defoe
15 1710 
  • 1710—1710:
    Tax on Apprentice Indentures introduced
16 1711 
  • 1711—1711:
    Incorporation of South Sea Company, in London
  • 11 Aug 1711—11 Aug 1711:
    First race meeting at Ascot
17 1712 
  • 1712—1712:
    Imposition of Soap Tax (abolished 1853)
  • 1712—1712:
    Last trial for witchcraft in England (Jane Wenham)
  • 1712—1712:
    Toleration Act passed - first relief to non-Anglicans
18 1713 
  • 1713—1713:
    By this year there are some 3,000 coffee houses in London
  • 1713—1713:
    SA - Smallpox epidemic in the Cape, introduced from India, decimates Hottentots, kills many whites.
19 1714 
  • 1714—1714:
    Longitude Act: prize of ?20,000 offered to the inventor of a workable method of determining a ship's longitude (won by John Harrison in 1773 for his chronometer).
  • 1714—1714:
    Schism Act, prevents Dissenters from being schoolmasters in England
  • 1714—1714:
    Landholders forced to take the Oath of Allegiance and renounce Roman Catholicism
  • 1 Aug 1714—1 Aug 1714:
    Queen Anne Stuart dies - George I Hanover becomes king (1714-1727).
20 1715 
  • 1715—1715:
    Second Jacobite rebellion in Scotland, under the Old Pretender ('The Fifteen')
  • 1 Aug 1715—1 Aug 1715:
    Riot Act passed
21 1716 
  • 1716—1716:
    The Septennial Act of Britain leads to greater electoral corruption - general elections now to be held once every 7 years instead of every 3 (until 1911)
  • 1716—1716:
    Climate: Thames frozen so solid that a spring tide lifted the ice bodily 13ft without interrupting the frost fair
22 1717 
  • 1717—1717:
    SA - System of freehold title to land ends, by which time about 400 farms granted.
  • 1717—1717:
    First Masonic Lodge opens in London
  • 1717—1717:
    Value of the golden guinea fixed at 21 shillings
23 1719 
  • 1719—1719:
    Third abortive Jacobite rising
24 1720 
  • 1720—1749:
    SA - Western Cape Khoekhoe reduced to labouring class
  • 1720—1720:
    South Sea Bubble, a stock-market crash on Exchange Alley - government assumes control of National Debt
  • 1720—1720:
    Manufacturing towns start to increase in population - rise of new wealth
  • 1720—1720:
    Wallpaper becomes fashionable in England
25 1721 
  • 2 Apr 1721—2 Apr 1721:
    Robert Walpole (Whig) becomes first Prime Minister (to 1742)
26 1722 
  • 1722—1722:
    SA - Groot Constantia is built.
  • 1722—1722:
    Last trial for witchcraft in Scotland
  • 1722—1722:
    Knatchbull's Act, poor laws
27 1723 
  • 1723—1723:
    Excise tax levied for coffee, tea, and chocolate
  • 1723—1723:
    The Waltham Black Acts add 50 capital offences to the penal code - people could be sentenced to death for theft and poaching - repealed in 1827
  • 1723—1723:
    The Workhouse Act or Test - to get relief, a poor person has to enter Workhouse
28 1724 
  • 1724—1724:
    Rapid growth of gin drinking in England
  • 1724—1724:
    Longman's founded (Britain's oldest publishing house)
29 1726 
  • 1726—1726:
    First circulating library opened in Edinburgh
  • 1726—1726:
    Invention of the chronometer by John Harrison
30 1727 
  • 1727—1727:
    Board of Manufacturers established in Scotland
  • 11 Jun 1727—11 Jun 1727:
    George I dies - George II Hanover becomes king
31 1729 
  • 9 Nov 1729—9 Nov 1729:
    Treaty of Seville signed between Britain, France and Spain - Britain maintained control of Port Mahon and Gibraltar
32 1730 
  • 1730—1730:
    SA - The VOC imports slaves from Mozambique and Zanzibar. First Boers reach George area, trek inland into Langkloof.
  • 1730—1730:
    Irish famine
33 1731 
  • 1731—1731:
    Invention of seed drill by Jethro Tull [others say 1701]
  • 1731—1731:
    Invention of sextant by John Hadley
34 1732 
  • 1732—1732:
    SA - Annual rental of a leningplaats doubled to 24 rixdollars. Quitrent system of land tenure introduced.
  • 7 Dec 1732—7 Dec 1732:
    Covent Garden Opera House opens
35 1733 
  • 1733—1733:
    Excise crisis: Sir Robert Walpole wanted to add excise tax to tobacco and wine - Pulteney and Bolingbroke oppose the excise tax
  • 1733—1733:
    Law forbidding the use of Latin in parish registers generally obeyed - some continued in Latin for a few years
  • 1733—1733:
    John Kay invents the flying shuttle, revolutionised the weaving industry
36 1734 
  • 1734—1734:
    SA - Great Brak River proclaimed eastern boundary of Cape.
  • 1734—1734:
    Kent's Directory published
37 1737 
  • 1737—1743:
    SA - Short-lived Moravian mission to Khoekhoe
  • 1737—1737:
    Licensing Act restricts the number of London theatres and subects plays to censorship of the Lord Chamberlain (till 1950s)
38 1738 
  • 24 May 1738—24 May 1738:
    John Wesley has his conversion experience
39 1739 
  • 1739—1739:
    Wesley and Whitefield commence great Methodist revival
  • 7 Apr 1739—7 Apr 1739:
    Dick Turpin, highwayman, hanged at York
  • 23 Oct 1739—23 Oct 1739:
    War of Jenkins' Ear starts: Robert Walpole reluctantly declares war on Spain
40 1741 
  • 1741—1741:
    Benjamin Ingham founded the Moravian Methodists or Inghamites - Earliest Moravian registers
41 1742 
  • 1742—1742:
    England goes to war with Spain - incited by William Pitt the Elder (Earl of Chatham) for the sake of trade
42 1743 
  • 1743—1743:
    SA - First recorded Trekboer loan farms in Roggeveld
  • 1743—1743:
    SA - Dutch Reformed Church congregations founded in Roodezand and Tulbagh.
  • 16 Jun 1743—16 Jun 1743:
    (June 27 in Gregorian calendar): Battle of Dettingen - last time a British sovereign (George II) led troops in battle
43 1744 
  • 1744—1744:
    Tune 'God Save the King' makes its appearance
44 1745 
  • 1745—1745:
    SA - Dutch Reformed Church congregations founded in Swartland (Malmesbury).
  • 1745—1745:
    Jacobite rebellion in Scotland ('The Forty-five')
  • 19 Aug 1745—19 Aug 1745:
    Bonnie Prince Charlie (The Young Pretender) lands in the western Highlands - raises support among Episcopalian and Catholic clans - The Pretender's army invades Perth, Edinburgh, and England as far as Derby
45 1746 
  • 1746—1746:
    SA - Swellendam is founded.
  • 16 Apr 1746—16 Apr 1746:
    Battle of Culloden - last battle fought in Britain - 5,000 Highlanders routed by the Duke of Cumberland and 9,000 loyalists Scots - Young Pretender Charles flees to Continent, ending Jacobite hopes forever - the wearing of the kilt prohibited
46 1747 
  • 1747—1747:
    Act for Pacification of the Highlands
  • 1747—1747:
    Abolition of Heritable Jurisdictions in Scotland
47 1749 
  • 27 Apr 1749—27 Apr 1749:
    First performance of Handel's Music for the Royal Fireworks (in Green Park, London)
48 1750 
  • Feb 1750—Feb 1750:
    Series of earthquakes in London and the Home Counties cause panic with predictions of an apocalypse (Feb/Mar)
  • 16 Nov 1750—16 Nov 1750:
    Original Westminster Bridge opened (replaced in 1862 due to subsidence)
49 1751 
  • Mar 1751—Mar 1751:
    Chesterfield's Calendar Act passed - royal assent to the bill was given on 22 May 1751 - decision to adopt Gregorian Calendar in 1752: In and throughout all his
50 1752 
  • 1752—1752:
    Benjamin Franklin invents the lightning conductor
  • 1 Jan 1752—1 Jan 1752:
    Beginning of the year 1752 [Scotland had adopted January as the start of the year in 1600, and some other countries in Europe had adopted the Gregorian calendar as early as 1582]
  • 3 Sep 1752—3 Sep 1752:
    Julian Calendar dropped and Gregorian Calendar adopted in England and Scotland, making this Sep 14
51 1753 
  • 1753—1753:
    Private collection of Sir Hans Sloane forms the basis of the British Museum
  • 1 May 1753—1 May 1753:
    Publication of ?Species Plantarum' by Linnaeus and the formal start date of plant taxonomy
52 1754 
  • 1754—1754:
    Hardwicke Act (1753): Banns to be called, and Printed Marriage Register forms to be used - Quakers & Jews exempt
  • 1754—1754:
    In the General Election, the Cow Inn at Haslemere, Surrey caused a national scandal by subdividing the freehold to create eight votes instead of one
  • 1754—1754:
    First British troops not belonging to the East India Company despatched to India
  • 1754—1754:
    SA - First recorded Xam San resistance to Roggeveld Trekboers
53 1755 
  • 1755—1755:
    Publication of Dictionary of the English Language' by Dr Samuel Johnson
  • 1755—1755:
    Period of canal construction began in Britain (till 1827)
  • 1755—1755:
    SA - Smallpox epidemic in the Cape. Foundation stone of Old Town House in Cape Town is laid.
  • 2 Dec 1755—2 Dec 1755:
    Second Eddystone Lighthouse destroyed by fire
54 1756 
  • 15 May 1756—15 May 1756:
    The Seven Years War with France (Pitt's trade war) begins
  • Jun 1756—Jun 1756:
    Black Hole of Calcutta - 146 Britons imprisoned, most die according to British sources
55 1757 
  • 1757—1757:
    The foundation laid for the Empire of India
  • 14 Mar 1757—14 Mar 1757:
    Admiral Byng shot at Portsmouth for failing to relieve Minorca
  • 23 Jun 1757—23 Jun 1757:
    The Nawab of Bengal tries to expel the British, but is defeated at the battle of Plassey (Palashi, June 23) - the East India Company forces are led by Robert Clive
56 1758 
  • 1758—1758:
    India stops being merely a commercial venture - England begins dominating it politically - The East India Company retains its monopoly although it ceased to trade
57 1759 
  • 1759—1759:
    Wesley builds 356 Methodist chapels
  • 15 Jan 1759—15 Jan 1759:
    British Museum opens to the public in London
  • 16 Oct 1759—16 Oct 1759:
    Third Eddystone Lighthouse (John Smeaton's) completed
58 1760 
  • 1760—1760:
    Carron Iron Works in operation in Scotland
  • 1760—1760:
    SA - Jansz; Coetse with Klaas Barends and others cross Gariep River
  • 5 May 1760—5 May 1760:
    First use of hangman's drop
  • 25 Oct 1760—25 Oct 1760:
    George II dies - George III Hanover, his grandson, becomes king. The date conventionally marks the start of the so-called first Industrial Revolution'
59 1761 
  • 1761—1762:
    SA - Hendrik Hop travels to Gariep River
  • 16 Jan 1761—16 Jan 1761:
    British capture Pondicherry, India from the French
60 1762 
  • 1762—1762:
    Cigars introduced into Britain from Cuba
61 1763 
  • 1763—1763:
    Treaty of Paris - gives back to France everything Pitt fought to obtain - (Newfoundland [fishing], Guadaloupe and Martininque [sugar], Dakar [gum]) - but English displaces French as the international language
62 1764 
  • 1764—1764:
    Lloyd's Register of shipping first prepared
  • 1764—1764:
    Practice of numbering houses introduced to London
  • 1764—1764:
    James Hargeaves invents the Spinning Jenny (but destroyed 1768)
  • 1764—1764:
    Mozart produces his first symphony at age eight
63 1765 
  • 1765—1765:
    The potato becomes the most popular food in Europe
  • 22 Mar 1765—22 Mar 1765:
    Stamp Act passed - imposed a tax on publications and legal documents in the American colonies (repealed the following year)
64 1766 
  • 1766—1766:
    Start of 'composite' national records on rainfall in the UK
  • 5 Dec 1766—5 Dec 1766:
    Christie's auction house founded in London by James Christie
65 1767 
  • 1767—1767:
    Newcomen's steam pumping engine perfected by James Watt
66 1768 
  • 9 Jan 1768—9 Jan 1768:
    Philip Astley starts his circus in London
  • 6 Dec 1768—6 Dec 1768:
    The first edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica' published in Edinburgh by William Smellie
67 1769 
  • 1769—1769:
    Arkwright invents water frame (textile production)
  • 1769—1769:
    Capt James Cook maps the coast of New Zealand
  • 6 Sep 1769—6 Sep 1769:
    David Garrick organises first Shakespeare festival at Stratford-upon-Avon
68 1770 
  • 1770—1770:
    Clyde Trust created to convert the River Clyde, then an insignificant river, into a major thoroughfare for maritime communications
  • 1770—1799:
    SA - Intensive Khoisan resistance to Trekboer occupation
  • 28 Apr 1770—28 Apr 1770:
    Capt James Cook lands in Australia (Botany Bay) ? Aug 21: formally claims Australia for Britain
69 1771 
  • 1771—1771:
    Right to report Parliamentary debates established in England
  • 1771—1771:
    SA - Clashes between Trekboers and Xhosa begin as trekkers cross the Gamtoos River in the east
70 1772 
  • 1772—1772:
    First Travellers' Cheques issued by the London Credit Exchange Company
  • 1772—1772:
    Morning Post' first published (until 1937)
  • 14 May 1772—14 May 1772:
    Judge Mansfield rules that there is no legal basis for slavery in England
71 1774 
  • 1774—1774:
    SA - General Commando mounted against San: 503 killed; 241 captured
  • 13 Sep 1774—13 Sep 1774:
    Cook arrives on Easter Island
72 1775 
  • 19 Apr 1775—19 Apr 1775:
    Battle of Lexington: first action in American War of Independence (1775- 1783)
73 1776 
  • 1776—1776:
    Somerset House in London becomes the repository of records of population
  • 1776—1776:
    Watt and Boulton produce their first commercial steam engine
  • 4 Jul 1776—4 Jul 1776:
    American Declaration of Independence
  • 7 Sep 1776—7 Sep 1776:
    First attack on a warship by a submarine - David Bushnell's ?Turtle' attacked HMS Eagle in New York harbour. The attack was perhaps spectacular (a charge did detonate beneath the ship) but was nevertheless unsuccessful. 'Turtle' was a one man Affair man-powered [Les Moore]
74 1777 
  • 1777—1777:
    Samuel Miller of Southampton patents the circular saw.
75 1778 
  • 1778—1778:
    SA - Colonial boundary extended to Buffels; Zak; and Fish Rivers
  • 1778—1779:
    SA - Hendrik Jacob Wikar and Robert Jacob Gordon meet Khoekhoe; Geisiqua and Tswana groups along lower and middle Gariep which Gordon names Orange River in honour of the Netherlands Stadtholder
76 1779 
  • 1779—1779:
    Marc Isambard Brunel opens the first steamdriven sawmill at Chatham Dockyard in Kent
  • 1779—1779:
    First iron bridge built, over the Severn by John Wilkinson
  • 1779—1779:
    First Spinning Mills operational in Scotland
  • 14 Feb 1779—14 Feb 1779:
    Capt James Cook killed on Hawaii
  • 23 Sep 1779—23 Sep 1779:
    Naval engagement between Britain and USA off Flamborough Head
77 1780 
  • 1780—1780:
    Male Servants Tax
  • 1780—1780:
    The English Reform Movement - until now, only landowners and tenants (freeholders with 40 shillings per year or more) allowed to vote, and in open poll books
  • 1780—1780:
    Fountain pen invented
  • 1780—1780:
    About this time the word 'Quiz' entered the language, said to have been invented as a wager by Mr Daly, a Dublin theatre manager
  • 1780—1780:
    SA - First Frontier War between Xhosa and whites.
  • 4 May 1780—4 May 1780:
    First Derby run at Epsom (some say 2nd June)
  • 2 Jun 1780—2 Jun 1780:
    Jun 2- 8: The Gordon Riots - Parliament passes a Roman Catholic relief measure - for days, London is at the mercy of a mob and destruction is widespread
78 1782 
  • 1782—1782:
    Gilbert's Act establishes outdoor poor relief - the way of life of the poor beginning to alter due to industrialisation - New factories in rapidly expanding towns required a workforce that would adjust to new work patterns
  • 1782—1782:
    James Watt patents his steam engine
  • 1782—1782:
    SA - First issue of paper rix dollars.
79 1783 
  • 1783—1783:
    Duty payable on Parish Register entries (3d per entry - repealed 1794) - led to a fall in entries!
  • 1783—1792:
    SA - Le Vaillant and Van Reenen travel in Namaqualand and north of Orange River
  • 3 Sep 1783—3 Sep 1783:
    Treaty of Versailles (Britain/US)
  • 3 Nov 1783—3 Nov 1783:
    Last public execution at Tyburn in London (John Austin, a highwayman)
80 1784 
  • 1784—1784:
    Pitt's India Act - the Crown (as opposed to officers of the East India Company) has power to guide Indian politics
  • 1784—1784:
    Wesley breaks with the Church of England
  • 1784—1784:
    First golf club founded at St Andrews
  • 1784—1784:
    Invention of threshing machine by Andrew Meikle
  • 2 Aug 1784—2 Aug 1784:
    First mail coaches in England (4pm Bristol / 8am London)
81 1785 
  • 1785—1785:
    Sunday School Society founded to educate poor children (by 1851, enrols more than 2 million)
  • 1 Jan 1785—1 Jan 1785:
    John Walter publishes first edition of The Times (called The Daily Universal Register for 3 years)
82 1786 
  • 1786—1786:
    SA - Graaff-Reinet founded
83 1787 
  • 1787—1787:
    MCC (Marylebone Cricket Club) established at Thomas Lord's ground in London
84 1788 
  • 1788—1788:
    First steamboat demonstrated in Scotland
  • 1788—1788:
    Law passed requiring that chimney sweepers be a minimum of 8 years old (not enforced)
  • 1788—1788:
    First slave carrying act, the Dolben Act of 1788, regulates the slave trade - stipulates more humane conditions on slave ships
  • 1788—1788:
    King George III's mental illness occasions the Regency Crisis - Edmund Burke and Charles James Fox attack ministry of William Pitt - trying to obtain full regal powers for the Prince of Wales
  • 1788—1788:
    Gibbon completes Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'
  • 26 Jan 1788—26 Jan 1788:
    First convicts (and free settlers) arrive in New South Wales (left Portsmouth 13 May 1787) ? the 'First Fleet'; eleven ships commanded by Captain Arthur Phillip
85 1789 
  • 1789—1789:
    SA - Merino (wool-producing) sheep brought from Holland
  • 1789—1793:
    SA - Second Frontier War between Xhosa and whites.
  • 28 Apr 1789—28 Apr 1789:
    Mutiny on HMS Bounty - Captain William Bligh and 18 sailors are set adrift and the rebel crew ends up on Pitcairn Island
86 1790 
  • 1790—1790:
    Forth and Clyde Canal opened in Scotland
  • 1790—1799:
    SA - In documented raids on "Bosjesmen" 2000 - 3000 Khoisan are killed
87 1791 
  • 1791—1791:
    John Bell, printer, abandons the long s' (the 's' that looks like an 'f')
  • 1791—1791:
    Establishment of the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain
  • 4 Dec 1791—4 Dec 1791:
    First publication of The Observer - world's oldest Sunday newspaper
88 1792 
  • 1792—1792:
    Repression in Britain (restrictions on freedom of the press) - Fox gets Libel Act through Parliament, requiring a jury and not a judge to determine libel
  • 1792—1792:
    Boyle's Street Directory published
  • 1792—1792:
    Coal-gas lighting invented by William Murdock, an Ayrshire Scot
  • 1792—1792:
    SA - Dutch Reformed Church congregation founded in Graaff-Reinet.
  • 1792—1792:
    SA - Morovian Mission founded at Genadendal.
  • 1 Oct 1792—1 Oct 1792:
    Introduction of Money Orders in Britain
  • 1 Dec 1792—1 Dec 1792:
    King's Proclamation drawing out the British militia
89 1793 
  • 11 Feb 1793—11 Feb 1793:
    Britain declares war on France (1793-1802)
  • 15 Apr 1793—15 Apr 1793:
    ?5 notes first issued by the Bank of England
90 1794 
  • 1794—1794:
    Abolition of Parish Register duties
  • 6 Oct 1794—6 Oct 1794:
    The prosecutor for Britain, Lord Justice Eyre, charges reformers with High Treason - he argued that, since reform of parliament would lead to revolution and revolution to executing the King, the desire for reform endangered the King's life and was therefore treasonous
91 1795 
  • 1795—1795:
    The Famine Year
  • 1795—1795:
    Foundation of the Orange Order
  • 1795—1795:
    Speenhamland Act proclaims that the Parish is responsible for bringing up the labourer's wage to subsistence level - towards the end of the eighteenth century, the number of poor and unemployed increased dramatically - price increases during the Napoleonic Wars (1793-1815) far outstripped wage rises - many small farmers were bankrupted by the move towards enclosures and became landless labourers - their wages were often pitifully low
  • 1795—1795:
    Pitt and Grenville introduce The Gagging Acts' or 'Two Bills' (the Seditious Meetings and Treasonable Practices Bills) - outlawed the mass meeting and the political lecture.
  • 1795—1795:
    Consumption of lime juice made compulsory in Royal Navy
  • 1795—1795:
    SA - Xhosa at Prieska
  • 1795—1802:
    SA - British occupy Cape on behalf of William of Orange. Slaves outnumber European settlers at this time
  • 1795—1795:
    SA - Revolt in Swellendam and Graaff-Reinet.
92 1796 
  • 1796—1796:
    Pitt's Reign of Terror': More treason trials - leading radicals emigrate
  • 1796—1796:
    Legacy Tax on sums over ?20 excluding those to wives, children, parents and grandparents
  • 1796—1796:
    SA - Pieter Pienaar murdered by Jager Afrikaner at Hantam. Afrikaner becomes frontier leader
  • 14 May 1796—14 May 1796:
    Dr Edward Jenner gave first vaccination for smallpox in England
93 1797 
  • 1797—1797:
    England in Crisis, Bank of England suspends cash payments
  • 1797—1797:
    Mutinies in the British Navy at Spithead and Nore
  • 1797—1797:
    Tax on newspapers (including cheap, topical journals) increased to repress radical publications
  • 1797—1797:
    The first copper pennies were produced ('cartwheels') by application of steam power to the coining press
  • 22 Feb 1797—22 Feb 1797:
    French invade Fishguard, Wales; last time UK invaded; all captured 2 days later
  • 26 Feb 1797—26 Feb 1797:
    First ?1 (and ?2) notes issued by Bank of England
94 1798 
  • 1798—1798:
    First planned human experiment with vaccination, to test theories of Edward Jenner
  • 1798—1798:
    SA - First Post Office. Liquidation of Dutch East India Company. First mosque in southern Africa established in Dorp Street by Tuan Guru. Dutch Reformed Church congregation founded at Swellendam.
  • Feb 1798—Feb 1798:
    The Irish Rebellion; 100,000 peasants revolt; approximately 25,000 die - Irish Parliament abolished (Feb-Oct)
  • 1 Aug 1798—1 Aug 1798:
    Battle of the Nile (won by Nelson)
95 1799 
  • 1799—1799:
    Foundation of Royal Military College Sandhurst by the Duke of York
  • 1799—1799:
    Foundation of the Royal Institution of Great Britain
  • 1799—1802:
    SA - Eastern Cape Khoekhoe revolt
  • 1799—1799:
    SA - First London Missionary Society (LMS) station - to |Xam - on Zak River.
  • 1799—1799:
    SA - Fort Frederick built in Algoa Bay by British soldiers. Third Frontier War between the Xhosa and whites. Beginning of London Missionary Society work in South Africa.
  • 9 Jan 1799—9 Jan 1799:
    Pitt brings in 10% income tax, as a wartime financial measure
  • 12 Jul 1799—12 Jul 1799:
    'Combination Laws' in Britain against political associations and combinations
  • 15 Jul 1799—15 Jul 1799:
    ?Rosetta Stone' discovered in Egypt made possible the deciphering (in 1822) of Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics
96 1800 
  • 1800—1800:
    Electric light first produced by Sir Humphrey Davy
  • 1800—1800:
    Use of high pressure steam pioneered by Richard Trevithick (1771-1833)
  • 1800—1800:
    Royal College of Surgeons founded
  • 1800—1800:
    Herschel discovers infra-red light
  • 1800—1800:
    Volta makes first electrical battery
  • 1800—1800:
    SA - First printing press in Cape Town. Government Gazette started.
  • 2 Jul 1800—2 Jul 1800:
    Parliamentary union of Great Britain and Ireland
97 1801 
  • 1801—1801:
    Grand Union Canal opens in England
  • 1801—1801:
    Elgin Marbles brought from Athens to London
  • 1801—1801:
    SA - Official expedition of Truter; Somerville; Barrow and Daniell; with missionaries Jan Matthys Kok and William Edwards; reaches Dithakong
  • 1801—1801:
    SA - William Anderson established mission at Aakaap and then Klaarwater (later Griquatown). Khoisan spelling book printed by LMS
  • 1 Jan 1801—1 Jan 1801:
    Union Jack becomes the official British flag
  • 10 Mar 1801—10 Mar 1801:
    First census puts the population of England and Wales at 9,168,000. Population of Britain nearly 11 million (75% rural)
  • 24 Dec 1801—24 Dec 1801:
    Richard Trevithick built the first self-propelled passenger carrying road loco
98 1802 
  • Feb 1802—Jan 1806:
    SA - Batavian Republic rules the Cape.
  • 25 Mar 1802—25 Mar 1802:
    Treaty of Amiens signed by Britain, France, Spain, and the Netherlands ? the 'Peace of Amiens' as it was known brought a temporary peace of 14 months during the Napoleonic Wars ? one of its most important cultural effects was that travel and correspondence across the English Channel became possible again
99 1803 
  • 1803—1803:
    Poaching made a Capital offense in England if capture resisted
  • 1803—1803:
    Richard Trevithick built another steam carriage and ran it in London as the first self-propelled vehicle in the capital and the first London bus
  • 1803—1803:
    Semaphore signaling perfected by Admiral Popham
  • 30 Apr 1803—30 Apr 1803:
    Louisiana Purchase: Napoleon sells French possessions in America to United States
  • 12 May 1803—12 May 1803:
    Peace of Amiens ends ? resumption of war with France ? The Napoleonic Wars (1803-18l5)
  • 23 Jul 1803—23 Jul 1803:
    First public railway opens (Surrey Iron Railway, 9 miles from Wandsworth to Croydon, horse-drawn)
100 1804 
  • 1804—1804:
    Matthew Flinders recommends that the newly discovered country, New Holland, be renamed 'Australia'
  • 1804—1806:
    SA - Heinrich Lichtenstein travels to Dithakong
  • 1804—1804:
    SA - Uitenhage founded.
  • 21 Feb 1804—21 Feb 1804:
    Richard Trevithick runs his railway engine on the Penydarren Railway (9.5 miles from Pen-y-Darren to Abercynon in South Wales) this hauled a train with 10 tons of iron and 70 passengers. It was commemorated by the Royal Mint in 2004 in the form of A ?2 coin.
  • 3 Mar 1804—3 Mar 1804:
    John Wedgwood (eldest son of the potter Josiah Wedgwood) founds The Royal Horticultural Society
  • 2 Dec 1804—2 Dec 1804:
    Napoleon declares himself Emperor of the French
  • 12 Dec 1804—12 Dec 1804:
    Spain declares war on Britain

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