Timeline: Robert Torr: British 1820 Settlers to South Africa

Robert Torr

1761 - 1785 (24 years)

1700

Robert Torr (1761 - 1785)

	Date	Event(s)
1	1700	1700—1799: SA - VOC slave trading in Mozambique; Zanzibar and Madagascar
2	1761	1761—1762: SA - Hendrik Hop travels to Gariep River 16 Jan 1761—16 Jan 1761: British capture Pondicherry, India from the French
3	1762	1762—1762: Cigars introduced into Britain from Cuba
4	1763	1763—1763: Treaty of Paris - gives back to France everything Pitt fought to obtain - (Newfoundland [fishing], Guadaloupe and Martininque [sugar], Dakar [gum]) - but English displaces French as the international language
5	1764	1764—1764: Lloyd's Register of shipping first prepared 1764—1764: Practice of numbering houses introduced to London 1764—1764: James Hargeaves invents the Spinning Jenny (but destroyed 1768) 1764—1764: Mozart produces his first symphony at age eight
6	1765	1765—1765: The potato becomes the most popular food in Europe 22 Mar 1765—22 Mar 1765: Stamp Act passed - imposed a tax on publications and legal documents in the American colonies (repealed the following year)
7	1766	1766—1766: Start of 'composite' national records on rainfall in the UK 5 Dec 1766—5 Dec 1766: Christie's auction house founded in London by James Christie
8	1767	1767—1767: Newcomen's steam pumping engine perfected by James Watt
9	1768	9 Jan 1768—9 Jan 1768: Philip Astley starts his circus in London 6 Dec 1768—6 Dec 1768: The first edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica' published in Edinburgh by William Smellie
10	1769	1769—1769: Arkwright invents water frame (textile production) 1769—1769: Capt James Cook maps the coast of New Zealand 6 Sep 1769—6 Sep 1769: David Garrick organises first Shakespeare festival at Stratford-upon-Avon
11	1770	1770—1770: Clyde Trust created to convert the River Clyde, then an insignificant river, into a major thoroughfare for maritime communications 1770—1799: SA - Intensive Khoisan resistance to Trekboer occupation 28 Apr 1770—28 Apr 1770: Capt James Cook lands in Australia (Botany Bay) ? Aug 21: formally claims Australia for Britain
12	1771	1771—1771: Right to report Parliamentary debates established in England 1771—1771: SA - Clashes between Trekboers and Xhosa begin as trekkers cross the Gamtoos River in the east
13	1772	1772—1772: First Travellers' Cheques issued by the London Credit Exchange Company 1772—1772: Morning Post' first published (until 1937) 14 May 1772—14 May 1772: Judge Mansfield rules that there is no legal basis for slavery in England
14	1774	1774—1774: SA - General Commando mounted against San: 503 killed; 241 captured 13 Sep 1774—13 Sep 1774: Cook arrives on Easter Island
15	1775	19 Apr 1775—19 Apr 1775: Battle of Lexington: first action in American War of Independence (1775- 1783)
16	1776	1776—1776: Somerset House in London becomes the repository of records of population 1776—1776: Watt and Boulton produce their first commercial steam engine 4 Jul 1776—4 Jul 1776: American Declaration of Independence 7 Sep 1776—7 Sep 1776: First attack on a warship by a submarine - David Bushnell's ?Turtle' attacked HMS Eagle in New York harbour. The attack was perhaps spectacular (a charge did detonate beneath the ship) but was nevertheless unsuccessful. 'Turtle' was a one man Affair man-powered [Les Moore]
17	1777	1777—1777: Samuel Miller of Southampton patents the circular saw.
18	1778	1778—1778: SA - Colonial boundary extended to Buffels; Zak; and Fish Rivers 1778—1779: SA - Hendrik Jacob Wikar and Robert Jacob Gordon meet Khoekhoe; Geisiqua and Tswana groups along lower and middle Gariep which Gordon names Orange River in honour of the Netherlands Stadtholder
19	1779	1779—1779: Marc Isambard Brunel opens the first steamdriven sawmill at Chatham Dockyard in Kent 1779—1779: First iron bridge built, over the Severn by John Wilkinson 1779—1779: First Spinning Mills operational in Scotland 14 Feb 1779—14 Feb 1779: Capt James Cook killed on Hawaii 23 Sep 1779—23 Sep 1779: Naval engagement between Britain and USA off Flamborough Head
20	1780	1780—1780: Male Servants Tax 1780—1780: The English Reform Movement - until now, only landowners and tenants (freeholders with 40 shillings per year or more) allowed to vote, and in open poll books 1780—1780: Fountain pen invented 1780—1780: About this time the word 'Quiz' entered the language, said to have been invented as a wager by Mr Daly, a Dublin theatre manager 1780—1780: SA - First Frontier War between Xhosa and whites. 4 May 1780—4 May 1780: First Derby run at Epsom (some say 2nd June) 2 Jun 1780—2 Jun 1780: Jun 2- 8: The Gordon Riots - Parliament passes a Roman Catholic relief measure - for days, London is at the mercy of a mob and destruction is widespread
21	1782	1782—1782: Gilbert's Act establishes outdoor poor relief - the way of life of the poor beginning to alter due to industrialisation - New factories in rapidly expanding towns required a workforce that would adjust to new work patterns 1782—1782: James Watt patents his steam engine 1782—1782: SA - First issue of paper rix dollars.
22	1783	1783—1783: Duty payable on Parish Register entries (3d per entry - repealed 1794) - led to a fall in entries! 1783—1792: SA - Le Vaillant and Van Reenen travel in Namaqualand and north of Orange River 3 Sep 1783—3 Sep 1783: Treaty of Versailles (Britain/US) 3 Nov 1783—3 Nov 1783: Last public execution at Tyburn in London (John Austin, a highwayman)
23	1784	1784—1784: Pitt's India Act - the Crown (as opposed to officers of the East India Company) has power to guide Indian politics 1784—1784: Wesley breaks with the Church of England 1784—1784: First golf club founded at St Andrews 1784—1784: Invention of threshing machine by Andrew Meikle 2 Aug 1784—2 Aug 1784: First mail coaches in England (4pm Bristol / 8am London)
24	1785	1785—1785: Sunday School Society founded to educate poor children (by 1851, enrols more than 2 million) 1 Jan 1785—1 Jan 1785: John Walter publishes first edition of The Times (called The Daily Universal Register for 3 years)

Date

Event(s)

1700

1700—1799:
SA - VOC slave trading in Mozambique; Zanzibar and Madagascar

1761

1761—1762:
SA - Hendrik Hop travels to Gariep River
16 Jan 1761—16 Jan 1761:
British capture Pondicherry, India from the French

1762

1762—1762:
Cigars introduced into Britain from Cuba

1763

1763—1763:
Treaty of Paris - gives back to France everything Pitt fought to obtain - (Newfoundland [fishing], Guadaloupe and Martininque [sugar], Dakar [gum]) - but English displaces French as the international language

1764

1764—1764:
Lloyd's Register of shipping first prepared
1764—1764:
Practice of numbering houses introduced to London
1764—1764:
James Hargeaves invents the Spinning Jenny (but destroyed 1768)
1764—1764:
Mozart produces his first symphony at age eight

1765

1765—1765:
The potato becomes the most popular food in Europe
22 Mar 1765—22 Mar 1765:
Stamp Act passed - imposed a tax on publications and legal documents in the American colonies (repealed the following year)

1766

1766—1766:
Start of 'composite' national records on rainfall in the UK
5 Dec 1766—5 Dec 1766:
Christie's auction house founded in London by James Christie

1767

1767—1767:
Newcomen's steam pumping engine perfected by James Watt

1768

9 Jan 1768—9 Jan 1768:
Philip Astley starts his circus in London
6 Dec 1768—6 Dec 1768:
The first edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica' published in Edinburgh by William Smellie

1769

1769—1769:
Arkwright invents water frame (textile production)
1769—1769:
Capt James Cook maps the coast of New Zealand
6 Sep 1769—6 Sep 1769:
David Garrick organises first Shakespeare festival at Stratford-upon-Avon

1770

1770—1770:
Clyde Trust created to convert the River Clyde, then an insignificant river, into a major thoroughfare for maritime communications
1770—1799:
SA - Intensive Khoisan resistance to Trekboer occupation
28 Apr 1770—28 Apr 1770:
Capt James Cook lands in Australia (Botany Bay) ? Aug 21: formally claims Australia for Britain

1771

1771—1771:
Right to report Parliamentary debates established in England
1771—1771:
SA - Clashes between Trekboers and Xhosa begin as trekkers cross the Gamtoos River in the east

1772

1772—1772:
First Travellers' Cheques issued by the London Credit Exchange Company
1772—1772:
Morning Post' first published (until 1937)
14 May 1772—14 May 1772:
Judge Mansfield rules that there is no legal basis for slavery in England

1774

1774—1774:
SA - General Commando mounted against San: 503 killed; 241 captured
13 Sep 1774—13 Sep 1774:
Cook arrives on Easter Island

1775

19 Apr 1775—19 Apr 1775:
Battle of Lexington: first action in American War of Independence (1775- 1783)

1776

1776—1776:
Somerset House in London becomes the repository of records of population
1776—1776:
Watt and Boulton produce their first commercial steam engine
4 Jul 1776—4 Jul 1776:
American Declaration of Independence
7 Sep 1776—7 Sep 1776:
First attack on a warship by a submarine - David Bushnell's ?Turtle' attacked HMS Eagle in New York harbour. The attack was perhaps spectacular (a charge did detonate beneath the ship) but was nevertheless unsuccessful. 'Turtle' was a one man Affair man-powered [Les Moore]

1777

1777—1777:
Samuel Miller of Southampton patents the circular saw.

1778

1778—1778:
SA - Colonial boundary extended to Buffels; Zak; and Fish Rivers
1778—1779:
SA - Hendrik Jacob Wikar and Robert Jacob Gordon meet Khoekhoe; Geisiqua and Tswana groups along lower and middle Gariep which Gordon names Orange River in honour of the Netherlands Stadtholder

1779

1779—1779:
Marc Isambard Brunel opens the first steamdriven sawmill at Chatham Dockyard in Kent
1779—1779:
First iron bridge built, over the Severn by John Wilkinson
1779—1779:
First Spinning Mills operational in Scotland
14 Feb 1779—14 Feb 1779:
Capt James Cook killed on Hawaii
23 Sep 1779—23 Sep 1779:
Naval engagement between Britain and USA off Flamborough Head

1780

1780—1780:
Male Servants Tax
1780—1780:
The English Reform Movement - until now, only landowners and tenants (freeholders with 40 shillings per year or more) allowed to vote, and in open poll books
1780—1780:
Fountain pen invented
1780—1780:
About this time the word 'Quiz' entered the language, said to have been invented as a wager by Mr Daly, a Dublin theatre manager
1780—1780:
SA - First Frontier War between Xhosa and whites.
4 May 1780—4 May 1780:
First Derby run at Epsom (some say 2nd June)
2 Jun 1780—2 Jun 1780:
Jun 2- 8: The Gordon Riots - Parliament passes a Roman Catholic relief measure - for days, London is at the mercy of a mob and destruction is widespread

1782

1782—1782:
Gilbert's Act establishes outdoor poor relief - the way of life of the poor beginning to alter due to industrialisation - New factories in rapidly expanding towns required a workforce that would adjust to new work patterns
1782—1782:
James Watt patents his steam engine
1782—1782:
SA - First issue of paper rix dollars.

1783

1783—1783:
Duty payable on Parish Register entries (3d per entry - repealed 1794) - led to a fall in entries!
1783—1792:
SA - Le Vaillant and Van Reenen travel in Namaqualand and north of Orange River
3 Sep 1783—3 Sep 1783:
Treaty of Versailles (Britain/US)
3 Nov 1783—3 Nov 1783:
Last public execution at Tyburn in London (John Austin, a highwayman)

1784

1784—1784:
Pitt's India Act - the Crown (as opposed to officers of the East India Company) has power to guide Indian politics
1784—1784:
Wesley breaks with the Church of England
1784—1784:
First golf club founded at St Andrews
1784—1784:
Invention of threshing machine by Andrew Meikle
2 Aug 1784—2 Aug 1784:
First mail coaches in England (4pm Bristol / 8am London)

1785

1785—1785:
Sunday School Society founded to educate poor children (by 1851, enrols more than 2 million)
1 Jan 1785—1 Jan 1785:
John Walter publishes first edition of The Times (called The Daily Universal Register for 3 years)

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