| |
Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1700 | - 1700—1799:
SA - VOC slave trading in Mozambique; Zanzibar and Madagascar
|
| 2 | 1770 | - 1770—1799:
SA - Intensive Khoisan resistance to Trekboer occupation
|
| 3 | 1780 | - 1780—1780:
Male Servants Tax
- 1780—1780:
The English Reform Movement - until now, only landowners and tenants (freeholders
with 40 shillings per year or more) allowed to vote, and in open poll books
- 1780—1780:
Fountain pen invented
- 1780—1780:
About this time the word 'Quiz' entered the language, said to have been invented as a
wager by Mr Daly, a Dublin theatre manager
- 1780—1780:
SA - First Frontier War between Xhosa and whites.
- 4 May 1780—4 May 1780:
First Derby run at Epsom (some say 2nd June)
- 2 Jun 1780—2 Jun 1780:
Jun 2- 8: The Gordon Riots - Parliament passes a Roman Catholic relief measure - for
days, London is at the mercy of a mob and destruction is widespread
|
| 4 | 1782 | - 1782—1782:
Gilbert's Act establishes outdoor poor relief - the way of life of the poor beginning to
alter due to industrialisation - New factories in rapidly expanding towns required a workforce
that would adjust to new work patterns
- 1782—1782:
James Watt patents his steam engine
- 1782—1782:
SA - First issue of paper rix dollars.
|
| 5 | 1783 | - 1783—1783:
Duty payable on Parish Register entries (3d per entry - repealed 1794) - led to a fall in
entries!
- 1783—1792:
SA - Le Vaillant and Van Reenen travel in Namaqualand and north of Orange River
- 3 Sep 1783—3 Sep 1783:
Treaty of Versailles (Britain/US)
- 3 Nov 1783—3 Nov 1783:
Last public execution at Tyburn in London (John Austin, a highwayman)
|
| 6 | 1784 | - 1784—1784:
Pitt's India Act - the Crown (as opposed to officers of the East India Company) has
power to guide Indian politics
- 1784—1784:
Wesley breaks with the Church of England
- 1784—1784:
First golf club founded at St Andrews
- 1784—1784:
Invention of threshing machine by Andrew Meikle
- 2 Aug 1784—2 Aug 1784:
First mail coaches in England (4pm Bristol / 8am London)
|
| 7 | 1785 | - 1785—1785:
Sunday School Society founded to educate poor children (by 1851, enrols more than 2
million)
- 1 Jan 1785—1 Jan 1785:
John Walter publishes first edition of The Times (called The Daily Universal
Register for 3 years)
|
| 8 | 1786 | - 1786—1786:
SA - Graaff-Reinet founded
|
| 9 | 1787 | - 1787—1787:
MCC (Marylebone Cricket Club) established at Thomas Lord's ground in London
|
| 10 | 1788 | - 1788—1788:
First steamboat demonstrated in Scotland
- 1788—1788:
Law passed requiring that chimney sweepers be a minimum of 8 years old (not
enforced)
- 1788—1788:
First slave carrying act, the Dolben Act of 1788, regulates the slave trade - stipulates
more humane conditions on slave ships
- 1788—1788:
King George III's mental illness occasions the Regency Crisis - Edmund Burke and
Charles James Fox attack ministry of William Pitt - trying to obtain full regal powers for the
Prince of Wales
- 1788—1788:
Gibbon completes Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'
- 26 Jan 1788—26 Jan 1788:
First convicts (and free settlers) arrive in New South Wales (left Portsmouth 13
May 1787) ? the 'First Fleet'; eleven ships commanded by Captain Arthur Phillip
|
| 11 | 1789 | - 1789—1789:
SA - Merino (wool-producing) sheep brought from Holland
- 1789—1793:
SA - Second Frontier War between Xhosa and whites.
- 28 Apr 1789—28 Apr 1789:
Mutiny on HMS Bounty - Captain William Bligh and 18 sailors are set adrift
and the rebel crew ends up on Pitcairn Island
|
| 12 | 1790 | - 1790—1790:
Forth and Clyde Canal opened in Scotland
- 1790—1799:
SA - In documented raids on "Bosjesmen" 2000 - 3000 Khoisan are killed
|
| 13 | 1791 | - 1791—1791:
John Bell, printer, abandons the long s' (the 's' that looks like an 'f')
- 1791—1791:
Establishment of the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain
- 4 Dec 1791—4 Dec 1791:
First publication of The Observer - world's oldest Sunday newspaper
|
| 14 | 1792 | - 1792—1792:
Repression in Britain (restrictions on freedom of the press) - Fox gets Libel Act through
Parliament, requiring a jury and not a judge to determine libel
- 1792—1792:
Boyle's Street Directory published
- 1792—1792:
Coal-gas lighting invented by William Murdock, an Ayrshire Scot
- 1792—1792:
SA - Dutch Reformed Church congregation founded in Graaff-Reinet.
- 1792—1792:
SA - Morovian Mission founded at Genadendal.
- 1 Oct 1792—1 Oct 1792:
Introduction of Money Orders in Britain
- 1 Dec 1792—1 Dec 1792:
King's Proclamation drawing out the British militia
|
| 15 | 1793 | - 11 Feb 1793—11 Feb 1793:
Britain declares war on France (1793-1802)
- 15 Apr 1793—15 Apr 1793:
?5 notes first issued by the Bank of England
|
| 16 | 1794 | - 1794—1794:
Abolition of Parish Register duties
- 6 Oct 1794—6 Oct 1794:
The prosecutor for Britain, Lord Justice Eyre, charges reformers with High
Treason - he argued that, since reform of parliament would lead to revolution and revolution
to executing the King, the desire for reform endangered the King's life and was therefore
treasonous
|
| 17 | 1795 | - 1795—1795:
The Famine Year
- 1795—1795:
Foundation of the Orange Order
- 1795—1795:
Speenhamland Act proclaims that the Parish is responsible for bringing up the labourer's
wage to subsistence level - towards the end of the eighteenth century, the number of poor and
unemployed increased dramatically - price increases during the Napoleonic Wars
(1793-1815) far outstripped wage rises - many small farmers were bankrupted by the move
towards enclosures and became landless labourers - their wages were often pitifully low
- 1795—1795:
Pitt and Grenville introduce The Gagging Acts' or 'Two Bills' (the Seditious Meetings and Treasonable Practices Bills) - outlawed the mass meeting and the political lecture.
- 1795—1795:
Consumption of lime juice made compulsory in Royal Navy
- 1795—1795:
SA - Xhosa at Prieska
- 1795—1802:
SA - British occupy Cape on behalf of William of Orange. Slaves outnumber European settlers at this time
- 1795—1795:
SA - Revolt in Swellendam and Graaff-Reinet.
|
| 18 | 1796 | - 1796—1796:
Pitt's Reign of Terror': More treason trials - leading radicals emigrate
- 1796—1796:
Legacy Tax on sums over ?20 excluding those to wives, children, parents and
grandparents
- 1796—1796:
SA - Pieter Pienaar murdered by Jager Afrikaner at Hantam. Afrikaner becomes frontier leader
- 14 May 1796—14 May 1796:
Dr Edward Jenner gave first vaccination for smallpox in England
|
| 19 | 1797 | - 1797—1797:
England in Crisis, Bank of England suspends cash payments
- 1797—1797:
Mutinies in the British Navy at Spithead and Nore
- 1797—1797:
Tax on newspapers (including cheap, topical journals) increased to repress radical
publications
- 1797—1797:
The first copper pennies were produced ('cartwheels') by application of steam power to
the coining press
- 22 Feb 1797—22 Feb 1797:
French invade Fishguard, Wales; last time UK invaded; all captured 2 days later
- 26 Feb 1797—26 Feb 1797:
First ?1 (and ?2) notes issued by Bank of England
|
| 20 | 1798 | - 1798—1798:
First planned human experiment with vaccination, to test theories of Edward Jenner
- 1798—1798:
SA - First Post Office. Liquidation of Dutch East India Company. First mosque in southern Africa established in Dorp Street by Tuan Guru. Dutch Reformed Church congregation founded at Swellendam.
- Feb 1798—Feb 1798:
The Irish Rebellion; 100,000 peasants revolt; approximately 25,000 die - Irish
Parliament abolished (Feb-Oct)
- 1 Aug 1798—1 Aug 1798:
Battle of the Nile (won by Nelson)
|
| 21 | 1799 | - 1799—1799:
Foundation of Royal Military College Sandhurst by the Duke of York
- 1799—1799:
Foundation of the Royal Institution of Great Britain
- 1799—1802:
SA - Eastern Cape Khoekhoe revolt
- 1799—1799:
SA - First London Missionary Society (LMS) station - to |Xam - on Zak River.
- 1799—1799:
SA - Fort Frederick built in Algoa Bay by British soldiers. Third Frontier War between the Xhosa and whites. Beginning of London Missionary Society work in South Africa.
- 9 Jan 1799—9 Jan 1799:
Pitt brings in 10% income tax, as a wartime financial measure
- 12 Jul 1799—12 Jul 1799:
'Combination Laws' in Britain against political associations and combinations
- 15 Jul 1799—15 Jul 1799:
?Rosetta Stone' discovered in Egypt made possible the deciphering (in 1822) of Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics
|
| 22 | 1800 | - 1800—1800:
Electric light first produced by Sir Humphrey Davy
- 1800—1800:
Use of high pressure steam pioneered by Richard Trevithick (1771-1833)
- 1800—1800:
Royal College of Surgeons founded
- 1800—1800:
Herschel discovers infra-red light
- 1800—1800:
Volta makes first electrical battery
- 1800—1800:
SA - First printing press in Cape Town. Government Gazette started.
- 2 Jul 1800—2 Jul 1800:
Parliamentary union of Great Britain and Ireland
|
| 23 | 1801 | - 1801—1801:
Grand Union Canal opens in England
- 1801—1801:
Elgin Marbles brought from Athens to London
- 1801—1801:
SA - Official expedition of Truter; Somerville; Barrow and Daniell; with missionaries Jan Matthys Kok and William Edwards; reaches Dithakong
- 1801—1801:
SA - William Anderson established mission at Aakaap and then Klaarwater (later Griquatown). Khoisan spelling book printed by LMS
- 1 Jan 1801—1 Jan 1801:
Union Jack becomes the official British flag
- 10 Mar 1801—10 Mar 1801:
First census puts the population of England and Wales at 9,168,000. Population of Britain nearly 11 million (75% rural)
- 24 Dec 1801—24 Dec 1801:
Richard Trevithick built the first self-propelled passenger carrying road loco
|
| 24 | 1802 | - Feb 1802—Jan 1806:
SA - Batavian Republic rules the Cape.
- 25 Mar 1802—25 Mar 1802:
Treaty of Amiens signed by Britain, France, Spain, and the Netherlands ? the 'Peace of Amiens' as it was known brought a temporary peace of 14 months during the Napoleonic Wars ? one of its most important cultural effects was that travel and correspondence across the English Channel became possible again
|
| 25 | 1803 | - 1803—1803:
Poaching made a Capital offense in England if capture resisted
- 1803—1803:
Richard Trevithick built another steam carriage and ran it in London as the first
self-propelled vehicle in the capital and the first London bus
- 1803—1803:
Semaphore signaling perfected by Admiral Popham
- 30 Apr 1803—30 Apr 1803:
Louisiana Purchase: Napoleon sells French possessions in America to United States
- 12 May 1803—12 May 1803:
Peace of Amiens ends ? resumption of war with France ? The Napoleonic Wars (1803-18l5)
- 23 Jul 1803—23 Jul 1803:
First public railway opens (Surrey Iron Railway, 9 miles from Wandsworth to
Croydon, horse-drawn)
|
| 26 | 1804 | - 1804—1804:
Matthew Flinders recommends that the newly discovered country, New Holland, be renamed 'Australia'
- 1804—1806:
SA - Heinrich Lichtenstein travels to Dithakong
- 1804—1804:
SA - Uitenhage founded.
- 21 Feb 1804—21 Feb 1804:
Richard Trevithick runs his railway engine on the Penydarren Railway (9.5 miles
from Pen-y-Darren to Abercynon in South Wales) this hauled a train with 10 tons of
iron and 70 passengers. It was commemorated by the Royal Mint in 2004 in the form of
A ?2 coin.
- 3 Mar 1804—3 Mar 1804:
John Wedgwood (eldest son of the potter Josiah Wedgwood) founds The Royal
Horticultural Society
- 2 Dec 1804—2 Dec 1804:
Napoleon declares himself Emperor of the French
- 12 Dec 1804—12 Dec 1804:
Spain declares war on Britain
|
| 27 | 1805 | - 1805—1805:
London docks opened
- 21 Oct 1805—21 Oct 1805:
Admiral Nelson's victory at Trafalgar
- 2 Dec 1805—2 Dec 1805:
Battle of Austerlitz; Napoleon defeats Austrians and Russians
|
| 28 | 1806 | - 1806—1806:
Dartmoor Prison opened (built by French prisoners)
- 1806—1806:
SA - LMS station at Warmbad; Great Namaqualand
- 1806—1806:
SA - First regular inland postal service.
- 1806—1806:
SA - Second British occupation of the Cape
- 9 Jan 1806—9 Jan 1806:
Nelson buried in St Paul's cathedral, London
|
| 29 | 1807 | - 1807—1807:
SA - British ban slave trade, importation of slaves to the Cape ends
- 25 Mar 1807—25 Mar 1807:
Parliament passes Act prohibiting slavery and the importation of slaves from 1808 ? but does not prohibit colonial slavery
|
| 30 | 1808 | - 1808—1808:
SA - Clanwilliam founded.
- 1808—1808:
Gas lighting in London streets
- 13 Jul 1808—13 Jul 1808:
'Hot Wednesday' ? temperature of 101?F in the shade recorded in London
- 20 Dec 1808—20 Dec 1808:
Beethoven premieres his Fifth Symphony, Sixth Symphony, Fourth Piano Concerto and Choral Fantasy together in Vienna
|
| 31 | 1809 | - 1809—1809:
SA - Gola's Xhosa community settles at Pramberg.
- 1809—1809:
SA - Severe drought in eastern frontier.
- 12 Feb 1809—12 Feb 1809:
Birth of Charles Darwin
- 18 Sep 1809—18 Sep 1809:
Royal Opera House opens in London
|
| 32 | 1810 | - 1810—1810:
SA - Montshiwa of Rolong born
- 1810—1810:
John McAdam begins road construction in England, giving his name to the process of
road metalling
|
| 33 | 1811 | - 1811—1812:
SA - William John Burchell travels in the interior
- 1811—1811:
SA - Caledon and George founded. Dutch Reformed Church congregation founded in Caledon. Regular circuit courts introduced.
- 1811—1812:
SA - Fourth Frontier War between Xhosa and whites.
- 5 Feb 1811—5 Feb 1811:
Prince of Wales (future George IV) made Regent after George III deemed insane
|
| 34 | 1812 | - 1812—1812:
SA - Molehabangwe of Tlhaping died; succeeded by son Mothibi
- 1812—1812:
SA - Cradock and Grahamstown founded.
- 11 May 1812—11 May 1812:
Prime Minister, Spencer Perceval, assassinated ? shot as he entered the House of Commons by a bankrupt Liverpool broker, John Bellingham, who was subsequently hanged
- 18 Jun 1812—18 Jun 1812:
Start of American 'War of 1812' (to 1814) against England and Canada
- Oct 1812—Oct 1812:
Napoleon retreats from Moscow with catastrophic losses
|
| 35 | 1813 | - 1813—1813:
SA - Revd John Campbell conducts mission inspection in the interior
- 1813—1813:
SA - Adam Kok's people assert the name Griqua
- 1813—1813:
SA - Court proceedings opened to the public.
- 1813—1813:
Ireland: First recorded '12th of July' sectarian riots in Belfast
- 1813—1813:
Jane Austen wrote 'Pride and Prejudice'
|
| 36 | 1814 | - 1814—1814:
SA - The Cape Colony is formally ceded to Britain. Mail packet service started between Britain and the Cape.
- 1 Jan 1814—1 Jan 1814:
Invasion of France by Allies
- 6 Apr 1814—6 Apr 1814:
Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba
- 13 Aug 1814—13 Aug 1814:
Convention of London signed, a treaty between the UK and the Dutch
- 24 Aug 1814—24 Aug 1814:
The British burn the White House
- 29 Nov 1814—29 Nov 1814:
'The Times' first printed by a 'mechanical apparatus' (at 1100 sheets per hour)
- 24 Dec 1814—24 Dec 1814:
Treaty of Ghent signed ending the 1812 war between Britain and the US
|
| 37 | 1815 | - 1815—1815:
SA - Slagter's Nek Rebellion.
- 1815—1815:
Trial by Jury established in Scotland
- 1815—1815:
Davy develops the safety lamp for miners
- 18 Jun 1815—18 Jun 1815:
The Battle of Waterloo: Napoleon defeated and exiled to St. Helena
|
| 38 | 1816 | - 1816—1816:
SA - Missionaries Read and Hamilton; with Hendriks; Kakkerlak and Sedras establish Kuruman Mission (LMS)
- 1816—1816:
SA - Wesleyan Mission to Nama at Leliefontein
- 1816—1816:
Income tax abolished
- 1816—1816:
For the first time British silver coins were produced with an intrinsic value substantially
below their face value ? the first official 'token' coinage
- 1816—1816:
Climate: the 'year without a summer' ? followed a volcanic explosion of the mountain 'Tambora in Indonesia the previous year the biggest volcanic explosion in 10000 years
- 1816—1816:
Large scale emigration to North America
- 1816—1816:
Trans-Atlantic packet service begins
|
| 39 | 1817 | - 1817—1817:
SA - Dutch Reformed Church congregation founded in Uitenhage.
- 1817—1817:
SA - Approximately 200 Scottish artisan immigrants brought to Cape by Benjamin Moodie.
- 1817—1817:
March of the Manchester Blanketeers; Habeas Corpus suspended
- 1817—1817:
Constable painted 'Flatford Mill'
|
| 40 | 1818 | - 1818—1818:
SA - Dutch Reformed Church congregation founded in Cradock. Settlement of land beyond Orange River. Beaufort West founded.
- 1818—1819:
SA - Fifth Frontier War between Xhosa and whites. Grahamstown attacked.
- 1818—1818:
Manchester cotton spinners' strike
- 20 Oct 1818—20 Oct 1818:
'Convention of 1818' signed between the United States and the United Kingdom
which, among other things, settled the US-Canada border on the 49th parallel for most of its
length
|
| 41 | 1819 | - 1819—1819:
SA - Dutch Reformed Church congregations founded in Beaufort West and Somerset West.
- 1819—1819:
Primitive bicycle, the Dandy Horse, becomes popular
- 1819—1819:
Britain returns to gold standard
- 1819—1819:
Singapore founded by Sir Stamford Raffles
- May 1819—May 1819:
SS 'Savannah' first steamship to cross Atlantic reaching Liverpool 20 June 1819 (26
Days reaching Liverpool 20 June 1819 (26
Days mostly under sail)
- 16 Aug 1819—16 Aug 1819:
Peterloo Massacre at Manchester ? a large, orderly group of 60,000 meets at St.
Peter's Fields, Manchester ? demand Parliamentary Reform ? mounted troops charge on the
meeting, killing 11 people and and maiming many others
|
| 42 | 1820 | - 1820—1820:
SA - James Read produces first book in SeTswana
- 1820—1820:
SA - Andries Waterboer elected Griqua Captain at Griquatown
- 1820—1820:
SA - Port Elizabeth named by Sir Rufane Donkin. Worcester founded.
- 1820—1821:
SA - Approximately 4000 British settlers arrive in Port Elizabeth as part of the 1820 Settlers immigration scheme, they are settled in the Eastern Cape.
- 1820—1820:
Cato Street Conspiracy ? plot to assissinate British cabinet
- 1820—1820:
Abolition of the Spanish Inquisition
- 29 Jan 1820—29 Jan 1820:
Accession of George IV, previously Prince Regent
- 1 Aug 1820—1 Aug 1820:
Regent's Canal in London opens
- 17 Aug 1820—17 Aug 1820:
Trial of Queen Caroline to prove her infidelities so George IV can divorce her ?
George tries to secure a Bill of Pains and Penalties against her ? Caroline is virtually acquitted
because bill passed by such a small majority of Lords
|
| 43 | 1821 | - 1821—1821:
SA - Robert Moffat; in Namaqualand from 1817; moves to Kuruman
- 1821—1821:
Faraday publishes 'Principles of electro-magnetic rotation'
- 1821—1821:
Constable paints 'The Hay Wain'
- 5 May 1821—5 May 1821:
Napoleon Bonaparte dies on St Helena
|
| 44 | 1822 | - 1822—1828:
SA - English becomes the official language of the Cape Colony.
- 14 Jun 1822—14 Jun 1822:
Charles Babbage proposes a difference engine in a paper to the Royal Astronomical Society
|
| 45 | 1823 | - 1823—1823:
SA - Difaqane (1820s) Battle of Dithakong - MaNthatisi repulsed by Tlhaping with help from Griquas. Tswana to north and east heavily disrupted by Difaqane raids. 1824 Bergenaar rebellion
- 1823—1823:
SA - Approximately 146 Irish settlers brought to the Cape by John Ingram.
- 1823—1823:
New laws concerning marriage by license ? 'very troublesome' according to some the Act was repealed all in a hurry at the beginning of the next session
- 1823—1823:
Peel begins penal reforms ? death penalty abolished for over 100 crimes
- 1823—1823:
Rugby Football 'invented' at Rugby School
- 1823—1823:
Rubberised waterproof material produced by MacIntosh
- 1 Jul 1823—1823:
SA - Lewis Broadbent born to the wife of the Methodist missionary Samuel Broadbent at Leeudoringstad, 16km from Wolmaranstad, on the 1st July 1823. Lewis later became a missionary to India.
- 2 Dec 1823—2 Dec 1823:
US President James Monroe delivers a speech establishing American neutrality in
future European conflicts (the 'Monroe Doctrine')
|
| 46 | 1824 | - 1824—1824:
SA - George Thompson travels inland - naming Augrabies Falls "Cataract of King George"
- 1824—1824:
SA - Construction of road through Fransch Hoek Pass. First Synod of the Dutch Reformed Church. Mission station at Lovedale founded. First lighthouse opened.
- 1824—1824:
RSPCA established
- 1824—1824:
Portland cement patented
- 4 Mar 1824—4 Mar 1824:
Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) founded (called the 'National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck' until 1854)
- 10 May 1824—10 May 1824:
National Gallery in London opens to the public
|
| 47 | 1825 | - 1825—1825:
SA - Dutch Reformed Church congregation founded in Somerset East.
- 1825—1825:
SA - First steamship in Table Bay. Depreciated rix dollar converted into British sterling. The Anglican St. Mary's Collegiate Church started in Port Elizabeth. The Jubilee Park Cemetery in Uitenhage in use circa 1825.
- 27 Sep 1825—27 Sep 1825:
Stockton to Darlington Railway opens ? world's first service of locomotive-hauled passenger trains
|
| 48 | 1826 | - 1826—1826:
SA - Adam Kok II establishes Philippolis Griqua Captaincy
- 1826—1826:
SA - Dutch Reformed Church congregations founded in Clanwilliam, Colesberg, Durbanville and Tijgerberg.
|
| 49 | 1827 | - 1827—1827:
Ohm's Law published
|
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