See also
| Husband: | Charles Stuart - King Charles I (1600-1649) | |
| Wife: | Henrietta Maria of France ( - ) | |
| Children: | Charles James Stuart - Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay (1629-1629) | |
| Charles Stuart - King Charles II (1630-1685) | ||
| Mary Henrietta Stuart - Princess Royal (1631-1660) | ||
| James Stuart - King James II (1633-1701) | ||
| Elizabth Stuart - Princess (1635-1650) | ||
| Anne Stuart - Princess (1637-1640) | ||
| Catherine Stuart - Princess (1639-1639) | ||
| Henry Stuart - Duke of Gloucester (1640-1660) | ||
| Henrietta Anne Stuart (1644-1670) | ||
Charles Stuart - King Charles I
| Name: | Charles Stuart - King Charles I1 | |
| Sex: | Male | |
| Father: | James Stuart - James I of England (1566-1625) | |
| Mother: | Anne of Oldenburg ( - ) | |
| Note: | Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649[a]) was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. Charles was the second son of King James VI of Scotland, but after his father inherited the English throne in 1603, he moved to England, where he spent much of the rest of his life. He became heir apparent to the English, Irish and Scottish thrones on the death of his elder brother, Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, in 1612. An unsuccessful and unpopular attempt to marry him to a Spanish Habsburg princess culminated in an eight-month visit to Spain in 1623 that demonstrated the futility of the marriage negotiations. Two years later he married the Bourbon princess Henrietta Maria of France instead. After his succession, Charles quarrelled with the Parliament of England, which sought to curb his royal prerogative. Charles believed in the divine right of kings and thought he could govern according to his own conscience. Many of his subjects opposed his policies, in particular the levying of taxes without parliamentary consent, and perceived his actions as those of a tyrannical absolute monarch. His religious policies, coupled with his marriage to a Roman Catholic, generated the antipathy and mistrust of reformed groups such as the Puritans and Calvinists, who thought his views too Catholic. He supported high church ecclesiastics, such as Richard Montagu and William Laud, and failed to successfully aid Protestant forces during the Thirty Years' War. His attempts to force the Church of Scotland to adopt high Anglican practices led to the Bishops' Wars, strengthened the position of the English and Scottish parliaments and helped precipitate his own downfall. From 1642, Charles fought the armies of the English and Scottish parliaments in the English Civil War. After his defeat in 1645, he surrendered to a Scottish force that eventually handed him over to the English Parliament. Charles refused to accept his captors' demands for a constitutional monarchy, and temporarily escaped captivity in November 1647. Re-imprisoned on the Isle of Wight, Charles forged an alliance with Scotland, but by the end of 1648 Oliver Cromwell's New Model Army had consolidated its control over England. Charles was tried, convicted, and executed for high treason in January 1649. The monarchy was abolished and a republic called the Commonwealth of England was declared. In 1660, the English Interregnum ended when the monarchy was restored to Charles's son, Charles II. see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_England2 |
|
| Birth | 19 Nov 1600 | Dunfermline Palace, Dunfermline, Scotland1,2 |
| Title | King Charles I | |
| Death | 30 Jan 1649 (age 48) | Whitehall, London1,2 |
| Burial | 9 Feb 1649 | St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, England2 |
Henrietta Maria of France
| Name: | Henrietta Maria of France | |
| Sex: | Female | |
| Father: | - | |
| Mother: | - | |
| Name: | Charles James Stuart - Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay2 | |
| Sex: | Male | |
| Note: | Born and died the same day. Buried as "Charles, Prince of Wales"2 | |
| Birth | 13 May 16292 | |
| Death | 13 May 1629 (age 0)2 | |
| Name: | Charles Stuart - King Charles II | |
| Sex: | Male | |
| Spouse: | Catherine of Braganza (1638-1705) | |
| Birth | 29 May 16302 | |
| Title | King Charles II | |
| Death | 6 Feb 1685 (age 54)2 | |
Mary Henrietta Stuart - Princess Royal
Spouse: William - Prince William II of Orange
| Name: | Mary Henrietta Stuart - Princess Royal | |
| Sex: | Female | |
| Spouse: | William - Prince William II of Orange (1626-1650) | |
| Children: | William of Orange, King William III ( - ) | |
| Note: | Mary, Princess Royal (Mary Henrietta; 4 November 1631 – 24 December 1660) was Princess of Orange and Countess of Nassau as the wife of Prince William II. She was the eldest daughter of King Charles I of England, Scotland, and Ireland and his wife, Henrietta Maria of France. Her only child later reigned as King William III of England and Ireland and II of Scotland. Mary was the first daughter of a British sovereign to hold the title Princess Royal. She was co-regent for her son as Sovereign Prince of Orange from 1651 to 1660. see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Princess_Royal_and_Princess_of_Orange |
|
| Birth | 4 Nov 1631 | |
| Death | 24 Dec 1660 (age 29) | |
Spouse: Anne Hyde
Spouse: Mary of Modena
| Name: | James Stuart - King James II | |
| Sex: | Male | |
| Spouse 1: | Anne Hyde (1637-1671) | |
| Spouse 2: | Mary of Modena (1658-1718) | |
| Children: | Mary Stuart Queen Mary II (1662-1694) | |
| Anne Gloria Stuart - Queen Anne of Great Britain (1665-1714) | ||
| Edgar Stuart - Duke of Cambridge ( - ) | ||
| Catherine Laura Stuart (1675-1675) | ||
| Isabel Stuart (1676-1681) | ||
| Charles Stuart - Duke of Cambridge (1677-1677) | ||
| Charlotte Maria Stuart (1682-1682) | ||
| James Frencis Edward Stuart - Duke of Cambridge (1688-1766) | ||
| Louisa Maria Teresa Stuart (1692-1712) | ||
| Note: | James II and VII (14 October 1633O.S. – 16 September 1701)[2] was King of England and Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII,[3] from 6 February 1685 until he was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. He was the last Roman Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland. The second surviving son of Charles I, he ascended the throne upon the death of his brother, Charles II. Members of Britain's political and religious elite increasingly suspected him of being pro-French and pro-Catholic and of having designs on becoming an absolute monarch. When he produced a Catholic heir, the tension exploded, and leading nobles called on his Protestant son-in-law and nephew William of Orange, to land an invasion army from the Netherlands, which he did in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. James fled England (and thus was held to have abdicated).[4] He was replaced by his Protestant elder daughter, Mary and her husband William of Orange. James made one serious attempt to recover his crowns from William and Mary when he landed in Ireland in 1689, but after the defeat of the Jacobite forces by the Williamite forces at the Battle of the Boyne in July 1690, James returned to France. He lived out the rest of his life as a pretender at a court sponsored by his cousin and ally, King Louis XIV. James is best known for his struggles with the English Parliament and his attempts to create religious liberty for English Roman Catholics and Protestant nonconformists, against the wishes of the Anglican establishment. However he also continued the persecution of the Presbyterian Covenanters in Scotland. Parliament, opposed to the growth of absolutism that was occurring in other European countries, as well as to the loss of legal supremacy of the Church of England, saw their opposition as a way to preserve what they regarded as traditional English liberties. This tension made James's four-year reign a struggle for supremacy between the English Parliament and the Crown, resulting in his deposition, the passage of the Bill of Rights, and the Hanoverian succession. see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_II_of_England |
|
| Birth | 14 Oct 16332 | |
| Title | King James II | |
| Death | 6 Sep 1701 (age 67)2 | |
| Name: | Elizabth Stuart - Princess | |
| Sex: | Female | |
| Note: | no issue2 | |
| Birth | 29 Dec 16352 | |
| Death | 6 Sep 1650 (age 14)2 | |
| Name: | Anne Stuart - Princess | |
| Sex: | Female | |
| Note: | died young - no issue2 | |
| Birth | 17 Mar 16372 | |
| Death | 5 Nov 1640 (age 3)2 | |
| Name: | Catherine Stuart - Princess | |
| Sex: | Female | |
| Note: | born and died same day2 | |
| Birth | 29 Jun 16392 | |
| Death | 29 Jun 1639 (age 0)2 | |
| Name: | Henry Stuart - Duke of Gloucester | |
| Sex: | Male | |
| Note: | no issue2 | |
| Birth | 8 Jul 16402 | |
| Death | 13 Sep 1660 (age 20)2 | |
| Name: | Henrietta Anne Stuart | |
| Sex: | Female | |
| Spouse: | Philip - Duke of Orleans (1640-1701) | |
| Birth | 16 Jun 16442 | |
| Death | 30 Jun 1670 (age 26)2 | |
| 1 | "Wikipedia" (en.wikipedia.org). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_VI_and_I. |
| 2 | Ibid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_England. |