See also
| Husband: | Henry Tudor - King Henry VIII (1491-1547) | |
| Wife: | Catherine of Aragon (1485- ) | |
| Children: | Henry Tudor ( - ) | |
| ... Tudor (1514-1514) | ||
| Mary Tudor - Queen Mary I ( -1558) | ||
| Marriage | 11 Jun 1509 | Greyfriars, Greenwich1 |
| secretly a papal dispensation was given |
||
| Marriage pronounced null | 23 May 15331 | |
Henry Tudor - King Henry VIII
| Name: | Henry Tudor - King Henry VIII | |
| Sex: | Male | |
| Father: | Henry Tudor - King Henry VII ( -1509) | |
| Mother: | Elizabeth Plantagenet of York (1465-1503) | |
| Note: | Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was Lord, and later assumed the Kingship, of Ireland, and continued the nominal claim by English monarchs to the Kingdom of France. Henry was the second monarch of the Tudor dynasty, succeeding his father, Henry VII. Besides his six marriages, Henry VIII is known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church. His disagreements with the Pope led to his separation of the Church of England from papal authority, with himself, as king, as the Supreme Head of the Church of England and to the Dissolution of the Monasteries. Because his principal dispute was with papal authority, rather than with doctrinal matters, he remained a believer in core Catholic theological teachings despite his excommunication from the Roman Catholic Church.[1] Henry oversaw the legal union of England and Wales with the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. He is also well known for a long personal rivalry with both Francis I of France and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, his contemporaries with whom he frequently warred. Domestically, Henry is known for his radical changes to the English Constitution, ushering in the theory of the divine right of kings to England. Besides asserting the sovereign's supremacy over the Church of England, thus initiating the English Reformation, he greatly expanded royal power. Charges of treason and heresy were commonly used to quash dissent, and those accused were often executed without a formal trial, by means of bills of attainder. He achieved many of his political aims through the work of his chief ministers, some of whom were banished or executed when they fell out of his favour. Figures such as Thomas Wolsey, Thomas More, Thomas Cromwell, Richard Rich, and Thomas Cranmer figured prominently in Henry's administration. An extravagant spender, he used the proceeds from the Dissolution of the Monasteries and acts of the Reformation Parliament to convert to royal revenue money formerly paid to Rome. Despite the influx of money from these sources, Henry was continually on the verge of financial ruin, due to his personal extravagance, as well as his numerous costly continental wars. His contemporaries considered Henry in his prime to be an attractive, educated and accomplished king, and he has been described as "one of the most charismatic rulers to sit on the English throne".[2] Besides ruling with considerable power, he was also an author and composer. His desire to provide England with a male heir – which stemmed partly from personal vanity and partly from his belief that a daughter would be unable to consolidate Tudor power and maintain the fragile peace that existed following the Wars of the Roses[3] – led to the two things for which Henry is most remembered: his six marriages and his break with the Pope (who would not allow an annulment of Henry's first marriage) and the Roman Catholic Church, leading to the English Reformation. Henry became severely obese and his health suffered, contributing to his death in 1547. He is frequently characterised in his later life as a lustful, egotistical, harsh, and insecure king.[4] He was succeeded by his son Edward VI. see : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England |
|
| Title (1) | frm 22 Apr 0509 (age -983) | King Henry VIII2 |
| Birth | 28 Jun 1491 | Greenwich Palace, Greenwich2,3 |
| Christening | Greenwich2 | |
| Title (2) | frm 2 Apr 1502 (age 10) | Duke of Cornwall1 |
| Held to have succeeded to this title on the death of his brother Arthur | ||
| Death | 28 Jan 1547 (age 55) | Whitehall, London, Engand3,4 |
| Burial | 4 Feb 1547 | St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle3 |
Catherine of Aragon
| Name: | Catherine of Aragon | |
| Sex: | Female | |
| Father: | Ferdinand of Aragon - King Ferdinand V of Castile and Aragon ( - ) | |
| Mother: | Isabella of Castile ( - ) | |
| Note: | Catherine of Aragon (Castilian: Catalina; also spelled Katherine of Aragon, 16 December 1485 – 7 January 1536) was Queen of England from 1509 until 1533 as the first wife of King Henry VIII; she was previously Princess of Wales as the wife of Prince Arthur. The daughter of Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon, Catherine was three years old when she was betrothed to Prince Arthur, heir apparent to the English throne. They married in 1501, and Arthur died five months later. In 1507, she held the position of ambassador for the Spanish Court in England, becoming the first female ambassador in European history.[1] Catherine subsequently married Arthur's younger brother, the recently succeeded Henry VIII, in 1509. For six months in 1513, she served as regent of England while Henry VIII was in France. During that time the English won the Battle of Flodden, an event in which Catherine played an important part.[2] By 1525, Henry VIII was infatuated with Anne Boleyn and dissatisfied that his marriage to Catherine had produced no surviving sons, leaving their daughter, the future Mary I of England, as heiress presumptive at a time when there was no established precedent for a woman on the throne. He sought to have their marriage annulled, setting in motion a chain of events that led to England's schism with the Catholic Church. When Pope Clement VII refused to annul the marriage, Henry defied him by assuming supremacy over religious matters. In 1533 their marriage was consequently declared invalid and Henry married Anne on the judgement of clergy in England, without reference to the Pope. Catherine refused to accept Henry as Supreme Head of the Church of England and considered herself the King's rightful wife and queen, attracting much popular sympathy.[3] Despite this, she was acknowledged only as Dowager Princess of Wales by Henry. After being banished from court, she lived out the remainder of her life at Kimbolton Castle, and died there on 7 January 1536. Catherine's English subjects held her in high esteem, and her death set off tremendous mourning among the English people.[4] |
|
| Birth | 5 Dec 1485 | Alcalá de Henares, near Madrid1 |
| Death | "6 Jan 1535/1536" | Kimbolton Castle1 |
| Burial | Peterborough Abbey1 | |
| Name: | Henry Tudor | |
| Sex: | Male | |
| Birth | "1 Jan 1510/1511" | Richmond, Surrey2 |
| Title | Duke of Cornwall2 | |
| Death | "22 Feb 1510/1511" | Richmond, Surrey2 |
| Burial | Westminster Abbey2 | |
| Name: | ... Tudor | |
| Sex: | Male | |
| Birth | Nov 15144 | |
| Title | Duke of Cornwall4 | |
| Death | Nov 1514 (age 0)2 | |
Mary Tudor - Queen Mary I
| Name: | Mary Tudor - Queen Mary I | |
| Sex: | Female | |
| Spouse: | Philip of Hapsburg (1527-1598) | |
| Note: | Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558) was the Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 until her death. Her executions of Protestants caused her opponents to give her the sobriquet "Bloody Mary". She was the only child of Henry VIII and his first wife Catherine of Aragon who survived to adulthood. Her younger half-brother Edward VI (son of Henry and Jane Seymour) succeeded their father in 1547. When Edward became mortally ill in 1553, he attempted to remove Mary from the line of succession because of religious differences. On his death their first cousin once removed, Lady Jane Grey, was initially proclaimed queen. Mary assembled a force in East Anglia and successfully deposed Jane, who was ultimately beheaded. Mary was—excluding the disputed reigns of Jane and the Empress Matilda—the first queen regnant of England. In 1554, Mary married Philip of Spain, becoming queen consort of Habsburg Spain on his accession in 1556. As the fourth crowned monarch of the Tudor dynasty, Mary is remembered for her restoration of Roman Catholicism after the short-lived Protestant reign of her half-brother. During her five-year reign, she had over 280 religious dissenters burned at the stake in the Marian persecutions. Her re-establishment of Roman Catholicism was reversed after her death in 1558 by her younger half-sister and successor Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry and Anne Boleyn. |
|
| Birth | "18 Feb 1515/6" | Greenwich Palace5 |
| Title | Queen Mary I6 | |
| (proclaimed in London 19 July 1553) | ||
| Death | 17 Nov 15587 | |
| Portraits | ||
| Link to Marilee Cody's "Tudor England" website | ||
| 1 | Vicary Gibbs (ed.) and others, "The Complete Peerage" (13 volumes (in 14 parts). London: The St Catherine Press Ltd. 1910-1959 Volume 14 (addenda and corrigenda). Stroud: Sutton Publishing Ltd. 1998. Microprint edition of volumes 1-13. Gloucester: Alan Sutton Publishing Ltd. First published 1982; reprinted 2000.). Volume 3, page 442. |
| 2 | Ibid. Volume 3, page 443. |
| 3 | "Wikipedia" (en.wikipedia.org). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England. |
| 4 | Vicary Gibbs (ed.) and others, "The Complete Peerage" (13 volumes (in 14 parts). London: The St Catherine Press Ltd. 1910-1959 Volume 14 (addenda and corrigenda). Stroud: Sutton Publishing Ltd. 1998. Microprint edition of volumes 1-13. Gloucester: Alan Sutton Publishing Ltd. First published 1982; reprinted 2000.). Volume 3, page 444. |
| 5 | Leslie Stephen (editor), "Dictionary of National Biography" (67 volumes. London: Smith, Elder. 1885-1903). Volume 36, page 333. |
| 6 | J. D. Mackie, "The Earlier Tudors 1485-1558" (Oxford: Oxford University Press. First published 1952; paperback edition 1994). Pages 528, 529. |
| 7 | Ibid. 560. |